diff --git a/.idea/itstudio_manager.iml b/.idea/itstudio_manager.iml
index 0b1adc5..dc8e515 100644
--- a/.idea/itstudio_manager.iml
+++ b/.idea/itstudio_manager.iml
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/beckend/.kotlin" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/beckend/build" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.idea/dataSources" />
     </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
diff --git a/.idea/kotlinc.xml b/.idea/kotlinc.xml
index 9576457..a85f383 100644
--- a/.idea/kotlinc.xml
+++ b/.idea/kotlinc.xml
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
     <option name="jvmTarget" value="21" />
   </component>
   <component name="KotlinCommonCompilerArguments">
-    <option name="apiVersion" value="2.2" />
-    <option name="languageVersion" value="2.2" />
+    <option name="apiVersion" value="2.3" />
+    <option name="languageVersion" value="2.3" />
   </component>
   <component name="KotlinJpsPluginSettings">
     <option name="externalSystemId" value="Gradle" />
-    <option name="version" value="2.2.21" />
+    <option name="version" value="2.3.21" />
   </component>
 </project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/API.md b/API.md
index 4fe00a0..cc1ad0d 100644
--- a/API.md
+++ b/API.md
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class Response<T> {
 - 除特别标注（公开）外，接口需在请求头携带 `Authorization: Bearer <token>`
 - 下文路径均省略 `/api` 前缀，`data` 仅给出 `T` 的声明
 - 部分 `/test` 接口的返回值不遵循上述格式
+- 前端类示例使用 **TypeScript** 类定义
 
 ## 接口总览
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a5c768e..3c80a68 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -17,15 +17,10 @@
             - /reset
         - /departments
         - /email
-        - /evaluation-records
         - /finance
         - /items
-        - /memos
-        - /personnel
-        - /project-groups
         - /proof-images
         - /usages
-        - /users
 
 ## 预计完成的 API 列表
 
@@ -51,24 +46,6 @@
 
 ---
 
-### 2. **人员管理 (Personnel)**
-
-| 端点                            | 方法                | 功能说明                         |
-|---------------------------------|---------------------|----------------------------------|
-| `personnel/`                    | GET/POST/PUT/DELETE | 人员信息 CRUD 操作               |
-| `personnel/statistics/`         | GET                 | 获取人员统计信息（按部门和职位） |
-| `personnel/{id}/set_inactive/`  | POST                | 设置人员为已卸任状态             |
-| `personnel/{id}/set_active/`    | POST                | 设置人员为在职状态               |
-| `personnel/{id}/`               | DELETE              | 删除人员（发送邮件通知）         |
-| `personnel/check_expired/`      | POST                | 检查并更新已到期的人员状态       |
-| `project-groups/`               | GET/POST/PUT/DELETE | 项目组 CRUD 操作                 |
-| `project-groups/by_department/` | GET                 | 按部门获取项目组                 |
-| `project-groups/{id}/`          | DELETE              | 删除项目组（发送邮件通知）       |
-
-**搜索/过滤字段**: `name`, `student_id`, `phone`, `email`, `grade_major`
-
----
-
 ### 3. **财务管理 (Finance)**
 
 | 端点                                              | 方法                | 功能说明                         |
@@ -95,41 +72,7 @@
 
 ---
 
-### 5. **备忘录 (Memo)**
-
-| 端点                       | 方法                | 功能说明         |
-|----------------------------|---------------------|------------------|
-| `memos/`                   | GET/POST/PUT/DELETE | 备忘录 CRUD 操作 |
-| `memos/{id}/upload_image/` | POST                | 上传备忘录图片   |
-| `memos/{id}/delete_image/` | DELETE              | 删除备忘录图片   |
-
-**搜索字段**: `title`, `content`  
-**默认排序**: 按更新时间倒序
-
----
-
-### 6. **考评系统 (Evaluation)**
-
-| 端点                                    | 方法                | 功能说明                                   |
-|-----------------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------------|
-| `evaluation-records/`                   | GET/POST/PUT/DELETE | 考评记录 CRUD 操作                         |
-| `evaluation-records/personnel-summary/` | GET                 | 获取人员考评汇总（按人员、部门、年级分组） |
-| `evaluation-records/personnel-records/` | GET                 | 获取某个人员的所有考评记录                 |
-| `evaluation-records/delete-personnel/`  | DELETE              | 删除某个人员的所有考评记录                 |
-| `evaluation-records/export/`            | GET                 | 导出考评记录为 Excel（每个人一个表格）     |
-| `evaluation-records/download-template/` | GET                 | 下载人员导入样表                           |
-| `evaluation-records/import/`            | POST                | 导入考评记录（支持 Excel/CSV）             |
-
-**功能**:
-
-- 支持批量导入和导出
-- 样表格式：只需部门、年级、姓名（初始分39分）
-- 完整格式：包含详细的加分/扣分记录
-- 所有操作发送邮件通知
-
----
-
-### 7. **认证相关**
+### 5. **认证相关**
 
 这是原先的 Django REST Framework JWT 认证端点，主要用于获取和刷新 JWT 令牌。
 现在改用 `/api/v1/auth/` 端点来处理登录、注册、重置密码等操作。
@@ -154,33 +97,24 @@ Authorization: Bearer <token>
 
 [schema.sql](./schema.sql)
 
-- users (系统用户/认证信息)
+- users/account (系统用户/认证信息)
 - departments (组织/部门)
     - parent_id -> departments.id (自关联父级)
-- personnel (人员信息)
-    - user_id -> users.id
-    - department_id -> departments.id
 - categories (物品类别)
     - parent_id -> categories.id (自关联父级)
 - items (物品基本信息)
     - category_id -> categories.id
-    - created_by -> personnel.id
+    - created_by -> account.id
 - item_transactions (物品出入库流水)
     - item_id -> items.id (ON DELETE CASCADE)
-    - operator_id -> personnel.id
+    - operator_id -> account.id
 - borrow_records (借用/归还记录)
     - item_id -> items.id (ON DELETE CASCADE)
-    - borrower_id -> personnel.id (ON DELETE CASCADE)
-    - approver_id -> personnel.id
-- memos (备忘/备注)
-    - author_id -> personnel.id
-    - related_item_id -> items.id
+    - borrower (借入人，字符串)
+    - approver (借出/审批人，字符串)
 - finance_records (财务相关记录)
     - related_item_id -> items.id
-    - recorded_by -> personnel.id
+    - recorded_by -> account.id
 - email_notices (邮件通知规则/历史)
-- evaluations (物品/服务评价)
-    - related_item_id -> items.id
-    - evaluator_id -> personnel.id
 - attachments (文件附件存储索引表)
-    - uploaded_by -> personnel.id
+    - uploaded_by -> account.id
diff --git a/schema.sql b/schema.sql
index e1ab51f..333d88e 100644
--- a/schema.sql
+++ b/schema.sql
@@ -30,26 +30,6 @@ CREATE TABLE departments
 ) ENGINE = InnoDB
   DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='组织/部门';
 
--- 人员表（可映射到 Django 的 profile）
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS personnel;
-CREATE TABLE personnel
-(
-    id            BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-    user_id       BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- 关联  account 表（可为空）
-    employee_no   VARCHAR(64) UNIQUE,
-    name          VARCHAR(100)    NOT NULL,
-    department_id BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-    phone         VARCHAR(50),
-    email         VARCHAR(254),
-    role          VARCHAR(100),
-    is_active     TINYINT(1)      NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
-    created_at    DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    updated_at    DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_personnel_user FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES account (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_personnel_department FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments (id) ON DELETE SET NULL
-) ENGINE = InnoDB
-  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='人员信息';
-
 -- 物品类别
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS categories;
 CREATE TABLE categories
@@ -84,11 +64,11 @@ CREATE TABLE items
     status             VARCHAR(50)              DEFAULT 'normal', -- 如 normal/disabled/lost/repair
     description        TEXT,
     image_path         VARCHAR(500),
-    created_by         BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+    created_by         BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- 关联 account.id
     created_at         DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     updated_at         DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     CONSTRAINT fk_items_category FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_items_creator FOREIGN KEY (created_by) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT fk_items_creator FOREIGN KEY (created_by) REFERENCES account (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     INDEX (name),
     INDEX (code)
 ) ENGINE = InnoDB
@@ -105,11 +85,11 @@ CREATE TABLE item_transactions
     from_location VARCHAR(200),
     to_location   VARCHAR(200),
     related_id    BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- 可关联采购单/借用记录/调拨单 id
-    operator_id   BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- personnel 操作者
+    operator_id   BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- 关联 account.id（操作者）
     note          TEXT,
     created_at    DATETIME                              NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     CONSTRAINT fk_trans_item FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES items (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_trans_operator FOREIGN KEY (operator_id) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT fk_trans_operator FOREIGN KEY (operator_id) REFERENCES account (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     INDEX (item_id),
     INDEX (trans_type)
 ) ENGINE = InnoDB
@@ -121,41 +101,22 @@ CREATE TABLE borrow_records
 (
     id          BIGINT UNSIGNED                                   NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
     item_id     BIGINT UNSIGNED                                   NOT NULL,
-    borrower_id BIGINT UNSIGNED                                   NOT NULL, -- personnel id
+    borrower    VARCHAR(100)                                      NOT NULL, -- 借入人（姓名，字符串）
     quantity    INT                                               NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
     borrow_date DATETIME                                          NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     due_date    DATETIME                                                   DEFAULT NULL,
     return_date DATETIME                                                   DEFAULT NULL,
     status      ENUM ('BORROWED','RETURNED','OVERDUE','CANCELED') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'BORROWED',
-    approver_id BIGINT UNSIGNED                                            DEFAULT NULL,
+    approver    VARCHAR(100)                                                DEFAULT NULL, -- 借出/审批人（姓名，字符串）
     note        TEXT,
     created_at  DATETIME                                          NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     updated_at  DATETIME                                          NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     CONSTRAINT fk_borrow_item FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES items (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_borrow_borrower FOREIGN KEY (borrower_id) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_borrow_approver FOREIGN KEY (approver_id) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    INDEX (borrower_id),
+    INDEX (borrower),
     INDEX (status)
 ) ENGINE = InnoDB
   DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='借用/归还记录';
 
--- 备忘/便签
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS memos;
-CREATE TABLE memos
-(
-    id              BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-    title           VARCHAR(200),
-    content         TEXT,
-    author_id       BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-    related_item_id BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-    is_public       TINYINT(1)      NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-    created_at      DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    updated_at      DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_memo_author FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_memo_item FOREIGN KEY (related_item_id) REFERENCES items (id) ON DELETE SET NULL
-) ENGINE = InnoDB
-  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='备忘/备注';
-
 -- 财务记录（采购/报销等）
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS finance_records;
 CREATE TABLE finance_records
@@ -168,11 +129,11 @@ CREATE TABLE finance_records
     currency        VARCHAR(10)                                                         DEFAULT 'CNY',
     vendor          VARCHAR(200),
     occurred_at     DATETIME,
-    recorded_by     BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+    recorded_by     BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- 关联 account.id（记录人）
     note            TEXT,
     created_at      DATETIME                                                   NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     CONSTRAINT fk_finance_item FOREIGN KEY (related_item_id) REFERENCES items (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_finance_user FOREIGN KEY (recorded_by) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT fk_finance_user FOREIGN KEY (recorded_by) REFERENCES account (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     INDEX (record_no)
 ) ENGINE = InnoDB
   DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='财务相关记录';
@@ -194,35 +155,20 @@ CREATE TABLE email_notices
 ) ENGINE = InnoDB
   DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='邮件通知规则/历史';
 
--- 评价/反馈（evaluation 模块对应）
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS evaluations;
-CREATE TABLE evaluations
-(
-    id              BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-    related_item_id BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-    evaluator_id    BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-    score           TINYINT UNSIGNED, -- 1-5
-    comment         TEXT,
-    created_at      DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_evaluation_item FOREIGN KEY (related_item_id) REFERENCES items (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_evaluation_user FOREIGN KEY (evaluator_id) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE SET NULL
-) ENGINE = InnoDB
-  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='物品/服务评价';
-
 -- 附件表（文件存储路径）
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS attachments;
 CREATE TABLE attachments
 (
     id            BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-    related_table VARCHAR(100),    -- 指示关联表，如 'items','memos'
+    related_table VARCHAR(100),    -- 指示关联表，如 'items'
     related_id    BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- 关联记录 ID
     file_name     VARCHAR(300),
     file_path     VARCHAR(1000),
     file_size     BIGINT UNSIGNED,
     content_type  VARCHAR(200),
-    uploaded_by   BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+    uploaded_by   BIGINT UNSIGNED, -- 关联 account.id（上传者）
     uploaded_at   DATETIME        NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    CONSTRAINT fk_attachments_user FOREIGN KEY (uploaded_by) REFERENCES personnel (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT fk_attachments_user FOREIGN KEY (uploaded_by) REFERENCES account (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     INDEX (related_table, related_id)
 ) ENGINE = InnoDB
   DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4 COMMENT ='文件附件存储索引表';
diff --git a/src/beckend/.gitignore b/src/beckend/.gitignore
index a06264f..344eb0d 100644
--- a/src/beckend/.gitignore
+++ b/src/beckend/.gitignore
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ build/
 !**/src/main/**/build/
 !**/src/test/**/build/
 
+src/main/resources/
+!src/main/resources/application.yaml
+
 ### STS ###
 .apt_generated
 .classpath
diff --git a/src/beckend/build.gradle.kts b/src/beckend/build.gradle.kts
index 4181c38..28e3777 100644
--- a/src/beckend/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/src/beckend/build.gradle.kts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
-    kotlin("jvm") version "2.2.21"
-    kotlin("plugin.spring") version "2.2.21"
-    id("org.springframework.boot") version "4.0.6"
+    kotlin("jvm") version "2.3.21"
+    kotlin("plugin.spring") version "2.3.21"
+    id("org.springframework.boot") version "4.1.0"
     id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.1.7"
 }
 
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/EvaluationRecordsController.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/EvaluationRecordsController.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 185305f..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/EvaluationRecordsController.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.controller.v1
-
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.utils.Const
-import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-
-@Validated
-@RestController
-@RequestMapping("/api/v1/evaluation-records")
-class EvaluationRecordsController {
-
-    // evaluation-records/ GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 考评记录 CRUD 操作
-    @GetMapping("", "/")
-    fun getRecords(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PostMapping("", "/")
-    fun createRecord(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PutMapping("", "/")
-    fun updateRecord(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @DeleteMapping("", "/")
-    fun deleteRecord(@RequestParam(required = false) id: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // evaluation-records/personnel-summary/ GET 获取人员考评汇总
-    @GetMapping("/personnel-summary", "/personnel-summary/")
-    fun getPersonnelSummary(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // evaluation-records/personnel-records/ GET 获取某个人员的所有考评记录
-    @GetMapping("/personnel-records", "/personnel-records/")
-    fun getPersonnelRecords(@RequestParam(required = false) personId: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // evaluation-records/delete-personnel/ DELETE 删除某个人员的所有考评记录
-    @DeleteMapping("/delete-personnel", "/delete-personnel/")
-    fun deletePersonnelRecords(@RequestParam(required = false) personId: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // evaluation-records/export/ GET 导出考评记录为 Excel
-    @GetMapping("/export", "/export/")
-    fun exportRecords(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // evaluation-records/download-template/ GET 下载人员导入样表
-    @GetMapping("/download-template", "/download-template/")
-    fun downloadTemplate(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // evaluation-records/import/ POST 导入考评记录
-    @PostMapping("/import", "/import/")
-    fun importRecords(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/ItemsController.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/ItemsController.kt
index af08c15..5261c29 100644
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/ItemsController.kt
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/ItemsController.kt
@@ -1,75 +1,178 @@
 package club.itstudio.itmanager.controller.v1
 
+import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.ApiResponse
+import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Attachment
+import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Category
+import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Item
+import club.itstudio.itmanager.service.v1.ItemsApiService
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.utils.Const
+import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page
+import jakarta.validation.Valid
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
+import org.springframework.http.codec.multipart.FilePart
 import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*
+import reactor.core.publisher.Flux
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
 
 @Validated
 @RestController
 @RequestMapping("/api/v1/items")
-class ItemsController {
+class ItemsController(
+    private val service: ItemsApiService
+) {
+    private val logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this::class.java)
 
     // items/ GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 物品 CRUD 操作
     @GetMapping("", "/")
-    fun getItems(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun getItems(
+        @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") pageNum: Long,
+        @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") pageSize: Long,
+        @RequestParam(required = false) keyword: String?,
+        @RequestParam(required = false) status: String?
+    ): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to list items")
+        val page = Page<Item>(pageNum, pageSize)
+        return service.getItems(page, keyword, status)
+            .map { ApiResponse.success(it) }
+    }
 
     @PostMapping("", "/")
-    fun createItem(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun createItem(@RequestBody @Valid item: Item): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to create item")
+        return service.createItem(item)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     @PutMapping("", "/")
-    fun updateItem(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun updateItem(@RequestBody @Valid item: Item): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to update item")
+        return service.updateItem(item)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     @DeleteMapping("", "/")
-    fun deleteItem(@RequestParam(required = false) id: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun deleteItem(@RequestParam(required = false) id: Long?): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to delete item")
+        return service.deleteItem(id)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     // items/{id}/upload_images/ POST 上传物品图片
     @PostMapping("/{id}/upload_images", "/{id}/upload_images/")
-    fun uploadImages(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun uploadImages(
+        @PathVariable("id") id: Long,
+        @RequestPart("files") files: Flux<FilePart>
+    ): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to upload images for item {}", id)
+        return service.uploadImages(id, files)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     // items/{id}/set_primary_image/ POST 设置主图片
     @PostMapping("/{id}/set_primary_image", "/{id}/set_primary_image/")
-    fun setPrimaryImage(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun setPrimaryImage(
+        @PathVariable("id") id: Long,
+        @RequestParam imageId: Long
+    ): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to set primary image for item {}", id)
+        return service.setPrimaryImage(id, imageId)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     // items/{id}/borrow/ POST 借用物品
     @PostMapping("/{id}/borrow", "/{id}/borrow/")
-    fun borrowItem(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun borrowItem(
+        @PathVariable("id") id: Long,
+        @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") quantity: Int
+    ): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to borrow item {}", id)
+        return service.borrowItem(id, quantity)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     // items/{id}/return_item/ POST 归还物品
     @PostMapping("/{id}/return_item", "/{id}/return_item/")
-    fun returnItem(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun returnItem(
+        @PathVariable("id") id: Long,
+        @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") quantity: Int
+    ): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to return item {}", id)
+        return service.returnItem(id, quantity)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     // items/available/ GET 获取可用物品列表
     @GetMapping("/available", "/available/")
-    fun getAvailableItems(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun getAvailableItems(): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to list available items")
+        return service.getAvailableItems()
+            .map { ApiResponse.success(it) }
+    }
 
     // items/in_use/ GET 获取使用中的物品列表
     @GetMapping("/in_use", "/in_use/")
-    fun getInUseItems(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun getInUseItems(): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to list in-use items")
+        return service.getInUseItems()
+            .map { ApiResponse.success(it) }
+    }
 
     // items/categories/ GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 物品类别 CRUD 操作
     @GetMapping("/categories", "/categories/")
-    fun getItemCategories(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun getItemCategories(): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to list item categories")
+        return service.getItemCategories()
+            .map { ApiResponse.success(it) }
+    }
 
     @PostMapping("/categories", "/categories/")
-    fun createItemCategory(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun createItemCategory(@RequestBody @Valid category: Category): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to create item category")
+        return service.createItemCategory(category)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     @PutMapping("/categories", "/categories/")
-    fun updateItemCategory(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun updateItemCategory(@RequestBody @Valid category: Category): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to update item category")
+        return service.updateItemCategory(category)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     @DeleteMapping("/categories", "/categories/")
-    fun deleteItemCategory(@RequestParam(required = false) id: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun deleteItemCategory(@RequestParam(required = false) id: Long?): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to delete item category")
+        return service.deleteItemCategory(id)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     // items/images/ GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 物品图片 CRUD 操作
     @GetMapping("/images", "/images/")
-    fun getItemImages(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun getItemImages(): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to list item images")
+        return service.getItemImages()
+            .map { ApiResponse.success(it) }
+    }
 
     @PostMapping("/images", "/images/")
-    fun createItemImage(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun createItemImage(@RequestBody @Valid attachment: Attachment): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to create item image")
+        return service.createItemImage(attachment)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     @PutMapping("/images", "/images/")
-    fun updateItemImage(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun updateItemImage(@RequestBody @Valid attachment: Attachment): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to update item image")
+        return service.updateItemImage(attachment)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 
     @DeleteMapping("/images", "/images/")
-    fun deleteItemImage(@RequestParam(required = false) id: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
+    fun deleteItemImage(@RequestParam(required = false) id: Long?): Mono<ApiResponse<Any?>> {
+        logger.info("Trying to delete item image")
+        return service.deleteItemImage(id)
+            .map(Const::messageHandler)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/MemosController.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/MemosController.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index a849515..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/MemosController.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.controller.v1
-
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.utils.Const
-import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-
-@Validated
-@RestController
-@RequestMapping("/api/v1/memos")
-class MemosController {
-
-    // memos/ GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 备忘录 CRUD 操作
-    @GetMapping("", "/")
-    fun getMemos(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PostMapping("", "/")
-    fun createMemo(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PutMapping("", "/")
-    fun updateMemo(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @DeleteMapping("", "/")
-    fun deleteMemo(@RequestParam(required = false) id: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // memos/{id}/upload_image/ POST 上传备忘录图片
-    @PostMapping("/{id}/upload_image", "/{id}/upload_image/")
-    fun uploadImage(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // memos/{id}/delete_image/ DELETE 删除备忘录图片
-    @DeleteMapping("/{id}/delete_image", "/{id}/delete_image/")
-    fun deleteImage(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/PersonnelController.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/PersonnelController.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 45ae3e7..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/PersonnelController.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.controller.v1
-
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.utils.Const
-import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-
-@Validated
-@RestController
-@RequestMapping("/api/v1/personnel")
-class PersonnelController {
-
-    // personnel/ GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 人员信息 CRUD 操作
-    @GetMapping("", "/")
-    fun getPersonnel(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PostMapping("", "/")
-    fun createPersonnel(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PutMapping("", "/")
-    fun updatePersonnel(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @DeleteMapping("", "/")
-    fun deletePersonnel(@RequestParam(required = false) id: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // personnel/statistics/ GET 获取人员统计信息（按部门和职位）
-    @GetMapping("/statistics", "/statistics/")
-    fun getStatistics(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // personnel/{id}/set_inactive/ POST 设置人员为已卸任状态
-    @PostMapping("/{id}/set_inactive", "/{id}/set_inactive/")
-    fun setInactive(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // personnel/{id}/set_active/ POST 设置人员为在职状态
-    @PostMapping("/{id}/set_active", "/{id}/set_active/")
-    fun setActive(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // personnel/{id}/ DELETE 删除人员（发送邮件通知）
-    @DeleteMapping("/{id}", "/{id}/")
-    fun deleteById(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // personnel/check_expired/ POST 检查并更新已到期的人员状态
-    @PostMapping("/check_expired", "/check_expired/")
-    fun checkExpired(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/ProjectGroupsController.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/ProjectGroupsController.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index e5143b6..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/controller/v1/ProjectGroupsController.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.controller.v1
-
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.utils.Const
-import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-
-@Validated
-@RestController
-@RequestMapping("/api/v1/project-groups")
-class ProjectGroupsController {
-
-    // project-groups/ GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 项目组 CRUD 操作
-    @GetMapping("", "/")
-    fun getProjectGroups(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PostMapping("", "/")
-    fun createProjectGroup(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @PutMapping("", "/")
-    fun updateProjectGroup(): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    @DeleteMapping("", "/")
-    fun deleteProjectGroup(@RequestParam(required = false) id: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // project-groups/by_department/ GET 按部门获取项目组
-    @GetMapping("/by_department", "/by_department/")
-    fun getByDepartment(@RequestParam(required = false) departmentId: String?): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-
-    // project-groups/{id}/ DELETE 删除项目组（发送邮件通知）
-    @DeleteMapping("/{id}", "/{id}/")
-    fun deleteById(@PathVariable("id") id: String): Mono<String> = Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_MONO
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/BorrowRecord.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/BorrowRecord.kt
index a69f1b9..0631f4b 100644
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/BorrowRecord.kt
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/BorrowRecord.kt
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ data class BorrowRecord(
     @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
     val id: Long? = null,
     val itemId: Long = 0,
-    val borrowerId: Long = 0,
+    val borrower: String = "",
     val quantity: Int = 1,
     val borrowDate: LocalDateTime? = null,
     val dueDate: LocalDateTime? = null,
     val returnDate: LocalDateTime? = null,
     val status: String = "BORROWED",  // BORROWED / RETURNED / OVERDUE / CANCELED
-    val approverId: Long? = null,
+    val approver: String? = null,
     val note: String? = null,
     val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
     val updatedAt: LocalDateTime? = null
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Evaluation.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Evaluation.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7abb0b8..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Evaluation.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.DataCopy
-import kotlinx.datetime.LocalDateTime
-import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
-
-@Serializable
-@TableName("evaluations")
-data class Evaluation(
-    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
-    val id: Long? = null,
-    val relatedItemId: Long? = null,
-    val evaluatorId: Long? = null,
-    val score: Short? = null,  // 1-5
-    val comment: String? = null,
-    val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null
-) : DataCopy
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/ItemTransaction.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/ItemTransaction.kt
index 4fc78ec..b618ab6 100644
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/ItemTransaction.kt
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/ItemTransaction.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType
 import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId
 import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.DataCopy
+import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.enums.TransactionType
 import kotlinx.datetime.LocalDateTime
 import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ data class ItemTransaction(
     @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
     val id: Long? = null,
     val itemId: Long = 0,
-    val transType: String = "",  // IN / OUT / ADJUST / TRANSFER
+    val transType: TransactionType = TransactionType.IN,
     val quantity: Int = 0,
     val fromLocation: String? = null,
     val toLocation: String? = null,
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Memo.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Memo.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index e462f02..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Memo.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.DataCopy
-import kotlinx.datetime.LocalDateTime
-import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
-
-@Serializable
-@TableName("memos")
-data class Memo(
-    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
-    val id: Long? = null,
-    val title: String? = null,
-    val content: String? = null,
-    val authorId: Long? = null,
-    val relatedItemId: Long? = null,
-    val isPublic: Boolean = false,
-    val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
-    val updatedAt: LocalDateTime? = null
-) : DataCopy
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Personnel.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Personnel.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4dc95c6..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/dto/Personnel.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.DataCopy
-import kotlinx.datetime.LocalDateTime
-import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
-
-@Serializable
-@TableName("personnel")
-data class Personnel(
-    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
-    val id: Long? = null,
-    val userId: Long? = null,
-    val employeeNo: String? = null,
-    val name: String = "",
-    val departmentId: Long? = null,
-    val phone: String? = null,
-    val email: String? = null,
-    val role: String? = null,
-    val isActive: Boolean = true,
-    val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
-    val updatedAt: LocalDateTime? = null
-) : DataCopy
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/enums/TransactionType.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/enums/TransactionType.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a775e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/entity/enums/TransactionType.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.enums
+
+import kotlinx.serialization.SerialName
+import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
+
+@Serializable
+enum class TransactionType {
+    @SerialName("IN")
+    IN,
+
+    @SerialName("OUT")
+    OUT,
+
+    @SerialName("ADJUST")
+    ADJUST,
+
+    @SerialName("TRANSFER")
+    TRANSFER,
+}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/EvaluationMapper.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/EvaluationMapper.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 314a206..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/EvaluationMapper.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.mapper
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Evaluation
-import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper
-
-@Mapper
-interface EvaluationMapper : BaseMapper<Evaluation>
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/MemoMapper.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/MemoMapper.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4943937..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/MemoMapper.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.mapper
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Memo
-import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper
-
-@Mapper
-interface MemoMapper : BaseMapper<Memo>
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/PersonnelMapper.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/PersonnelMapper.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b3e9dd..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/mapper/PersonnelMapper.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.mapper
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Personnel
-import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper
-
-@Mapper
-interface PersonnelMapper : BaseMapper<Personnel>
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/BorrowRecordService.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/BorrowRecordService.kt
index 2ff8617..b980aa7 100644
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/BorrowRecordService.kt
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/BorrowRecordService.kt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
 interface BorrowRecordService : IService<BorrowRecord> {
     fun getBorrowRecordById(id: Long): Mono<BorrowRecord>
     fun listByItem(itemId: Long): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>>
-    fun listByBorrower(borrowerId: Long): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>>
+    fun listByBorrower(borrower: String): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>>
     fun listByStatus(status: String): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>>
     fun listOverdueRecords(): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>>
     fun createBorrowRecord(record: BorrowRecord): Mono<Boolean>
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/EvaluationService.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/EvaluationService.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index ac1bcb8..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/EvaluationService.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.service
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Evaluation
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-
-interface EvaluationService : IService<Evaluation> {
-    fun getEvaluationById(id: Long): Mono<Evaluation>
-    fun listByEvaluator(evaluatorId: Long): Mono<List<Evaluation>>
-    fun listByRelatedItem(itemId: Long): Mono<List<Evaluation>>
-    fun listByScore(score: Short): Mono<List<Evaluation>>
-    fun createEvaluation(evaluation: Evaluation): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun updateEvaluation(evaluation: Evaluation): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun deleteEvaluation(id: Long): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun deleteByEvaluator(evaluatorId: Long): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun exportAllEvaluations(): Mono<List<Evaluation>>
-}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/MemoService.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/MemoService.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index ab7003c..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/MemoService.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.service
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Memo
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-
-interface MemoService : IService<Memo> {
-    fun getMemoById(id: Long): Mono<Memo>
-    fun searchMemos(keyword: String?): Mono<List<Memo>>
-    fun listByAuthor(authorId: Long): Mono<List<Memo>>
-    fun listByRelatedItem(itemId: Long): Mono<List<Memo>>
-    fun listPublicMemos(): Mono<List<Memo>>
-    fun createMemo(memo: Memo): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun updateMemo(memo: Memo): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun deleteMemo(id: Long): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun exportAllMemos(): Mono<List<Memo>>
-}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/PersonnelService.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/PersonnelService.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index fa3c44c..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/PersonnelService.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.service
-
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Personnel
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-
-interface PersonnelService : IService<Personnel> {
-    fun getPersonnelById(id: Long): Mono<Personnel>
-    fun searchPersonnel(keyword: String?): Mono<List<Personnel>>
-    fun listByDepartment(departmentId: Long): Mono<List<Personnel>>
-    fun listByRole(role: String): Mono<List<Personnel>>
-    fun createPersonnel(personnel: Personnel): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun updatePersonnel(personnel: Personnel): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun deletePersonnel(id: Long): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun setActive(id: Long, active: Boolean): Mono<Boolean>
-    fun exportAllPersonnel(): Mono<List<Personnel>>
-}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/BorrowRecordServiceImpl.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/BorrowRecordServiceImpl.kt
index 3dc6e3f..5871a1a 100644
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/BorrowRecordServiceImpl.kt
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/BorrowRecordServiceImpl.kt
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ class BorrowRecordServiceImpl : ServiceImpl<BorrowRecordMapper, BorrowRecord>(),
             ktQuery().eq(BorrowRecord::itemId, itemId).list()
         }
 
-    override fun listByBorrower(borrowerId: Long): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>> =
+    override fun listByBorrower(borrower: String): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>> =
         blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching borrow records by borrower id")
-            ktQuery().eq(BorrowRecord::borrowerId, borrowerId).list()
+            logger.info("Searching borrow records by borrower")
+            ktQuery().eq(BorrowRecord::borrower, borrower).list()
         }
 
     override fun listByStatus(status: String): Mono<List<BorrowRecord>> =
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/EvaluationServiceImpl.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/EvaluationServiceImpl.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index bed43a4..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/EvaluationServiceImpl.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.service.impl
-
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Evaluation
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.mapper.EvaluationMapper
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.service.EvaluationService
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-import reactor.core.scheduler.Schedulers
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException
-
-@Service
-class EvaluationServiceImpl : ServiceImpl<EvaluationMapper, Evaluation>(), EvaluationService {
-
-    private val logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this::class.java)
-
-    private fun <T : Any> blockingCall(block: () -> T?): Mono<T> =
-        Mono.fromCallable(block).subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
-
-    override fun getEvaluationById(id: Long): Mono<Evaluation> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching evaluation by id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Evaluation::id, id).one()
-        }.switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(NoSuchElementException("Evaluation not found")))
-
-    override fun listByEvaluator(evaluatorId: Long): Mono<List<Evaluation>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching evaluations by evaluator id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Evaluation::evaluatorId, evaluatorId).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun listByRelatedItem(itemId: Long): Mono<List<Evaluation>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching evaluations by related item id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Evaluation::relatedItemId, itemId).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun listByScore(score: Short): Mono<List<Evaluation>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching evaluations by score")
-            ktQuery().eq(Evaluation::score, score).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun createEvaluation(evaluation: Evaluation): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Creating evaluation")
-            save(evaluation)
-        }
-
-    override fun updateEvaluation(evaluation: Evaluation): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Updating evaluation")
-            updateById(evaluation)
-        }
-
-    override fun deleteEvaluation(id: Long): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Deleting evaluation by id")
-            removeById(id)
-        }
-
-    override fun deleteByEvaluator(evaluatorId: Long): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Deleting evaluations by evaluator id")
-            remove(ktQuery().eq(Evaluation::evaluatorId, evaluatorId))
-        }
-
-    override fun exportAllEvaluations(): Mono<List<Evaluation>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Exporting all evaluations")
-            list()
-        }
-}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/MemoServiceImpl.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/MemoServiceImpl.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2045119..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/MemoServiceImpl.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.service.impl
-
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Memo
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.mapper.MemoMapper
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.service.MemoService
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-import reactor.core.scheduler.Schedulers
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException
-
-@Service
-class MemoServiceImpl : ServiceImpl<MemoMapper, Memo>(), MemoService {
-
-    private val logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this::class.java)
-
-    private fun <T : Any> blockingCall(block: () -> T?): Mono<T> =
-        Mono.fromCallable(block).subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
-
-    override fun getMemoById(id: Long): Mono<Memo> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching memo by id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Memo::id, id).one()
-        }.switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(NoSuchElementException("Memo not found")))
-
-    override fun searchMemos(keyword: String?): Mono<List<Memo>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching memos with keyword")
-            if (keyword.isNullOrBlank()) {
-                list()
-            } else {
-                ktQuery().and {
-                    it.like(Memo::title, keyword).or().like(Memo::content, keyword)
-                }.list()
-            }
-        }
-
-    override fun listByAuthor(authorId: Long): Mono<List<Memo>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching memos by author id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Memo::authorId, authorId).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun listByRelatedItem(itemId: Long): Mono<List<Memo>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching memos by related item id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Memo::relatedItemId, itemId).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun listPublicMemos(): Mono<List<Memo>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Listing public memos")
-            ktQuery().eq(Memo::isPublic, true).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun createMemo(memo: Memo): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Creating memo")
-            save(memo)
-        }
-
-    override fun updateMemo(memo: Memo): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Updating memo")
-            updateById(memo)
-        }
-
-    override fun deleteMemo(id: Long): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Deleting memo by id")
-            removeById(id)
-        }
-
-    override fun exportAllMemos(): Mono<List<Memo>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Exporting all memos")
-            list()
-        }
-}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/PersonnelServiceImpl.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/PersonnelServiceImpl.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index ff1463f..0000000
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/impl/PersonnelServiceImpl.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package club.itstudio.itmanager.service.impl
-
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Personnel
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.mapper.PersonnelMapper
-import club.itstudio.itmanager.service.PersonnelService
-import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
-import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
-import reactor.core.scheduler.Schedulers
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException
-
-@Service
-class PersonnelServiceImpl : ServiceImpl<PersonnelMapper, Personnel>(), PersonnelService {
-
-    private val logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this::class.java)
-
-    private fun <T : Any> blockingCall(block: () -> T?): Mono<T> =
-        Mono.fromCallable(block).subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
-
-    override fun getPersonnelById(id: Long): Mono<Personnel> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching personnel by id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Personnel::id, id).one()
-        }.switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(NoSuchElementException("Personnel not found")))
-
-    override fun searchPersonnel(keyword: String?): Mono<List<Personnel>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching personnel with keyword")
-            if (keyword.isNullOrBlank()) {
-                list()
-            } else {
-                ktQuery().and {
-                    it.like(Personnel::name, keyword)
-                        .or().like(Personnel::employeeNo, keyword)
-                        .or().like(Personnel::phone, keyword)
-                        .or().like(Personnel::email, keyword)
-                }.list()
-            }
-        }
-
-    override fun listByDepartment(departmentId: Long): Mono<List<Personnel>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching personnel by department id")
-            ktQuery().eq(Personnel::departmentId, departmentId).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun listByRole(role: String): Mono<List<Personnel>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Searching personnel by role")
-            ktQuery().eq(Personnel::role, role).list()
-        }
-
-    override fun createPersonnel(personnel: Personnel): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Creating personnel")
-            save(personnel)
-        }
-
-    override fun updatePersonnel(personnel: Personnel): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Updating personnel")
-            updateById(personnel)
-        }
-
-    override fun deletePersonnel(id: Long): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Deleting personnel by id")
-            removeById(id)
-        }
-
-    override fun setActive(id: Long, active: Boolean): Mono<Boolean> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Setting personnel active status")
-            ktUpdate().eq(Personnel::id, id).set(Personnel::isActive, active).update()
-        }
-
-    override fun exportAllPersonnel(): Mono<List<Personnel>> =
-        blockingCall {
-            logger.info("Exporting all personnel")
-            list()
-        }
-}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/v1/ItemsApiService.kt b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/v1/ItemsApiService.kt
index 127d375..6d3bdd4 100644
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/v1/ItemsApiService.kt
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/kotlin/club/itstudio/itmanager/service/v1/ItemsApiService.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Attachment
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Category
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.Item
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.dto.ItemTransaction
+import club.itstudio.itmanager.entity.enums.TransactionType
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.service.AttachmentService
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.service.CategoryService
 import club.itstudio.itmanager.service.ItemService
@@ -15,12 +16,339 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value
 import org.springframework.http.codec.multipart.FilePart
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
+import reactor.core.publisher.Flux
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
 import reactor.core.scheduler.Schedulers
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.nio.file.Files
 import java.nio.file.Paths
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException
 import java.util.UUID
 
 @Service
-class ItemsApiService
\ No newline at end of file
+class ItemsApiService(
+    private val itemService: ItemService,
+    private val categoryService: CategoryService,
+    private val attachmentService: AttachmentService,
+    private val transactionService: ItemTransactionService,
+    
+    @Value($$"${app.file.data-path}")
+    private val dataPath: String
+) {
+    private val logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this::class.java)
+    
+    fun getItems(page: Page<Item>, keyword: String?, status: String?): Mono<Page<Item>> {
+        logger.info("Listing items with keyword and status")
+        return itemService.pageItems(page, keyword, status)
+    }
+
+    fun createItem(item: Item): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Creating item")
+        val rightNow = getCurrentDateTime()
+        return itemService.createItem(
+            item.copy(
+                id = null,
+                createdAt = rightNow,
+                updatedAt = rightNow
+            )
+        ).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) Mono.just("")
+            else Mono.just("item create failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun updateItem(item: Item): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Updating item")
+        if (item.id == null) return Mono.just("item id is required.")
+        return itemService.updateItem(
+            item.copy(updatedAt = getCurrentDateTime())
+        ).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) Mono.just("")
+            else Mono.just("item update failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun deleteItem(id: Long?): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Deleting item with id {}", id)
+        if (id == null) return Mono.just("item id is required.")
+        return itemService.removeItemById(id).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) {
+                cleanupItemAttachments(id)
+            } else {
+                Mono.just("item delete failed.")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun uploadImages(id: Long, files: Flux<FilePart>): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Uploading images for item {}", id)
+        return itemService.getItemById(id)
+            .flatMap { item ->
+                files.flatMap { file -> saveItemImage(id, file) }
+                    .collectList()
+                    .flatMap { attachments ->
+                        if (attachments.isEmpty()) {
+                            Mono.just("no image files provided.")
+                        } else {
+                            Flux.fromIterable(attachments)
+                                .flatMap { attachmentService.createAttachment(it) }
+                                .collectList()
+                                .flatMap { results ->
+                                    if (results.any { !it }) {
+                                        Mono.just("item image upload failed.")
+                                    } else {
+                                        setPrimaryImageIfBlank(item, attachments.first(), id)
+                                    }
+                                }
+                        }
+                    }
+            }
+            .onErrorResume(NoSuchElementException::class.java) { Mono.just("item not found.") }
+            .onErrorResume { Mono.just(Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_STR) }
+    }
+
+    fun setPrimaryImage(id: Long, imageId: Long): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Setting primary image for item {}", id)
+        return itemService.getItemById(id)
+            .flatMap { _ ->
+                attachmentService.getAttachmentById(imageId)
+                    .flatMap { attachment ->
+                        if (attachment.relatedTable == "items" && attachment.relatedId == id) {
+                            val path = attachment.filePath
+                            if (path.isNullOrBlank()) {
+                                Mono.just("image file path is empty.")
+                            } else {
+                                itemService.setPrimaryImage(id, path).flatMap { success ->
+                                    if (success) Mono.just("")
+                                    else Mono.just("set primary image failed.")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            Mono.just("image does not belong to this item.")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    .onErrorResume(NoSuchElementException::class.java) { _ -> Mono.just("image not found.") }
+            }
+            .onErrorResume(NoSuchElementException::class.java) { _ -> Mono.just("item not found.") }
+            .onErrorResume { _ -> Mono.just(Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_STR) }
+    }
+
+    fun borrowItem(id: Long, quantity: Int): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Borrowing item {} with quantity {}", id, quantity)
+        if (quantity <= 0) return Mono.just("quantity must be positive.")
+        return itemService.getItemById(id)
+            .flatMap { item ->
+                itemService.borrowItem(id, quantity)
+                    .flatMap { success ->
+                        if (success) {
+                            transactionService.createTransaction(
+                                ItemTransaction(
+                                    itemId = id,
+                                    transType = TransactionType.OUT,
+                                    quantity = quantity,
+                                    fromLocation = item.location,
+                                    createdAt = getCurrentDateTime()
+                                )
+                            ).onErrorResume { error ->
+                                logger.warn("Failed to record OUT transaction for item {}: {}", id, error.message)
+                                Mono.just(false)
+                            }.thenReturn("")
+                        } else {
+                            Mono.just("item available quantity is not enough.")
+                        }
+                    }
+            }
+            .onErrorResume(NoSuchElementException::class.java) { Mono.just("item not found.") }
+            .onErrorResume { Mono.just(Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_STR) }
+    }
+
+    fun returnItem(id: Long, quantity: Int): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Returning item {} with quantity {}", id, quantity)
+        if (quantity <= 0) return Mono.just("quantity must be positive.")
+        return itemService.getItemById(id)
+            .flatMap { item ->
+                itemService.returnItem(id, quantity)
+                    .flatMap { success ->
+                        if (success) {
+                            transactionService.createTransaction(
+                                ItemTransaction(
+                                    itemId = id,
+                                    transType = TransactionType.IN,
+                                    quantity = quantity,
+                                    toLocation = item.location,
+                                    createdAt = getCurrentDateTime()
+                                )
+                            ).onErrorResume { error ->
+                                logger.warn("Failed to record IN transaction for item {}: {}", id, error.message)
+                                Mono.just(false)
+                            }.thenReturn("")
+                        } else {
+                            Mono.just("item cannot be returned with the given quantity.")
+                        }
+                    }
+            }
+            .onErrorResume(NoSuchElementException::class.java) { Mono.just("item not found.") }
+            .onErrorResume { Mono.just(Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_STR) }
+    }
+
+    fun getAvailableItems(): Mono<List<Item>> {
+        logger.info("Listing available items")
+        return itemService.listAvailableItems()
+    }
+
+    fun getInUseItems(): Mono<List<Item>> {
+        logger.info("Listing in-use items")
+        return itemService.listInUseItems()
+    }
+
+    fun getItemCategories(): Mono<List<Category>> {
+        logger.info("Listing item categories")
+        return categoryService.listAllCategories()
+    }
+
+    fun createItemCategory(category: Category): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Creating item category")
+        return categoryService.createCategory(
+            category.copy(
+                id = null,
+                createdAt = getCurrentDateTime(),
+                updatedAt = getCurrentDateTime()
+            )
+        ).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) Mono.just("")
+            else Mono.just("category create failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun updateItemCategory(category: Category): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Updating item category")
+        if (category.id == null) return Mono.just("category id is required.")
+        return categoryService.updateCategory(
+            category.copy(updatedAt = getCurrentDateTime())
+        ).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) Mono.just("")
+            else Mono.just("category update failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun deleteItemCategory(id: Long?): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Deleting item category with id {}", id)
+        if (id == null) return Mono.just("category id is required.")
+        return categoryService.deleteCategory(id).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) Mono.just("")
+            else Mono.just("category delete failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun getItemImages(): Mono<List<Attachment>> {
+        logger.info("Listing item images")
+        return attachmentService.exportAllAttachments()
+            .map { list -> list.filter { it.relatedTable == "items" } }
+    }
+
+    fun createItemImage(attachment: Attachment): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Creating item image")
+        return attachmentService.createAttachment(
+            attachment.copy(
+                id = null,
+                uploadedAt = getCurrentDateTime()
+            )
+        ).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) Mono.just("")
+            else Mono.just("item image create failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun updateItemImage(attachment: Attachment): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Updating item image")
+        if (attachment.id == null) return Mono.just("item image id is required.")
+        return Mono.fromCallable { attachmentService.updateById(attachment) }
+            .subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
+            .flatMap { success ->
+                if (success) Mono.just("")
+                else Mono.just("item image update failed.")
+            }
+    }
+
+    fun deleteItemImage(id: Long?): Mono<String> {
+        logger.info("Deleting item image with id {}", id)
+        if (id == null) return Mono.just("item image id is required.")
+        return attachmentService.getAttachmentById(id)
+            .flatMap { attachment ->
+                attachmentService.deleteAttachment(id).flatMap { success ->
+                    if (success) {
+                        deletePhysicalFile(attachment.filePath).thenReturn("")
+                    } else {
+                        Mono.just("item image delete failed.")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            .onErrorResume(NoSuchElementException::class.java) { Mono.just("item image not found.") }
+            .onErrorResume { Mono.just(Const.INTERNAL_ERROR_STR) }
+    }
+
+    private fun setPrimaryImageIfBlank(item: Item, attachment: Attachment, id: Long): Mono<String> {
+        if (!item.imagePath.isNullOrBlank()) return Mono.just("")
+        val path = attachment.filePath ?: return Mono.just("")
+        return itemService.setPrimaryImage(id, path).flatMap { success ->
+            if (success) Mono.just("")
+            else Mono.just("set primary image failed.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun saveItemImage(itemId: Long, file: FilePart): Mono<Attachment> {
+        val directory = Paths.get(dataPath, Const.FILE_DIR_IMAGE, "items", itemId.toString())
+        val savedName = generateSafeFileName(file.filename())
+        val target = directory.resolve(savedName)
+        return Mono.fromCallable {
+            Files.createDirectories(directory)
+            file.transferTo(target)
+            Attachment(
+                relatedTable = "items",
+                relatedId = itemId,
+                fileName = savedName,
+                filePath = target.toString(),
+                fileSize = Files.size(target),
+                contentType = file.headers().contentType?.toString(),
+                uploadedAt = getCurrentDateTime()
+            )
+        }.subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
+    }
+
+    private fun generateSafeFileName(original: String?): String {
+        val extension = original
+            ?.substringAfterLast('.')
+            ?.lowercase()
+            ?.takeIf {
+                it.isNotBlank() &&
+                    it.length <= 10 &&
+                    it.all { ch -> ch.isLetterOrDigit() }
+            }
+        return if (extension != null) "${UUID.randomUUID()}.$extension" else UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+    }
+
+    private fun cleanupItemAttachments(itemId: Long): Mono<String> {
+        return attachmentService.listByRelated("items", itemId)
+            .flatMap { attachments ->
+                Flux.fromIterable(attachments)
+                    .flatMap { deletePhysicalFile(it.filePath) }
+                    .then(attachmentService.deleteByRelated("items", itemId))
+                    .thenReturn("")
+            }
+            .onErrorResume { error ->
+                logger.warn("Failed to clean up attachments for item {}: {}", itemId, error.message)
+                Mono.just("")
+            }
+    }
+
+    private fun deletePhysicalFile(path: String?): Mono<Void> {
+        if (path.isNullOrBlank()) return Mono.empty()
+        return Mono.fromRunnable<Void> {
+            try {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(Paths.get(path))
+            } catch (e: IOException) {
+                logger.warn("Failed to delete file: {}", path, e)
+            }
+        }.subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/beckend/src/main/resources/application.yaml b/src/beckend/src/main/resources/application.yaml
index 8c9ef51..61a2e93 100644
--- a/src/beckend/src/main/resources/application.yaml
+++ b/src/beckend/src/main/resources/application.yaml
@@ -25,17 +25,14 @@ spring:
   
   security:
     jwt:
-      key: 6846513216
+      #key: 6846513216
       expire-hours: 168
 
   datasource:
     url: jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/kotlin_springboot
     driver-class-name: org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver
-    username: root
-    password: 123456
-
-mybatis-plus:
-  type-handlers-package: com.github.sor2171.backend.config
+    #username: root
+    #password: 123456
 
 app:
   flow-limit: