diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/Cargo.toml b/crates/oxide_emit/Cargo.toml
index 30b938e..31112c1 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ description = "OxideJS - AST to IR emit pass"
 
 [dependencies]
 oxide_parser = { path = "../oxide_parser" }
+oxc_allocator.workspace = true
 oxide_bytecode = { path = "../oxide_bytecode" }
 oxide_ir = { path = "../oxide_ir" }
 oxide_log = { path = "../oxide_log" }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs
index 1076e7b..e3e99af 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs
@@ -86,6 +86,60 @@ impl Emitter {
                         out.insert(id.name.to_string());
                     }
                 }
+                // import 绑定是模块作用域 const 绑定，须计入 own_bindings 供
+                // 嵌套函数 cell 捕获。
+                Statement::ImportDeclaration(imp) => {
+                    if let Some(specifiers) = &imp.specifiers {
+                        for sp in specifiers {
+                            match sp {
+                                oxide_parser::ImportDeclarationSpecifier::ImportSpecifier(s) => {
+                                    out.insert(s.local.name.to_string());
+                                }
+                                oxide_parser::ImportDeclarationSpecifier::ImportDefaultSpecifier(s) => {
+                                    out.insert(s.local.name.to_string());
+                                }
+                                oxide_parser::ImportDeclarationSpecifier::ImportNamespaceSpecifier(s) => {
+                                    out.insert(s.local.name.to_string());
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                    if let Some(decl) = &exp.declaration {
+                        match decl {
+                            oxide_parser::Declaration::VariableDeclaration(vd) => {
+                                for d in &vd.declarations {
+                                    self.collect_binding_pattern_names(&d.id, out);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            oxide_parser::Declaration::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                                if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
+                                    out.insert(id.name.to_string());
+                                }
+                            }
+                            oxide_parser::Declaration::ClassDeclaration(cd) => {
+                                if let Some(id) = &cd.id {
+                                    out.insert(id.name.to_string());
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Statement::ExportDefaultDeclaration(exp) => match &exp.declaration {
+                    oxide_parser::ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                        if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
+                            out.insert(id.name.to_string());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    oxide_parser::ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::ClassDeclaration(cd) => {
+                        if let Some(id) = &cd.id {
+                            out.insert(id.name.to_string());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                },
                 Statement::BlockStatement(b) => self.collect_decl_names_stmt(&b.body, out),
                 Statement::IfStatement(is) => {
                     self.collect_decl_names_stmt(std::slice::from_ref(&is.consequent), out);
@@ -259,6 +313,58 @@ impl Emitter {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                if let Some(decl) = &exp.declaration {
+                    match decl {
+                        oxide_parser::Declaration::VariableDeclaration(vd) => {
+                            for d in &vd.declarations {
+                                if let Some(init) = &d.init {
+                                    self.collect_capture_names_expr(init, ref_set, shadow, out);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        oxide_parser::Declaration::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                            let body: &[Statement] =
+                                fd.body.as_ref().map(|b| &b.statements[..]).unwrap_or(&[]);
+                            let mut inner = shadow.clone();
+                            inner.extend(self.collect_fn_param_names(&fd.params));
+                            inner.extend(self.collect_own_binding_names(&[], body));
+                            self.collect_fn_default_names(&fd.params, ref_set, shadow, out);
+                            self.collect_capture_names_shadowed(body, ref_set, &inner, out);
+                        }
+                        oxide_parser::Declaration::ClassDeclaration(cd) => {
+                            let mut class_shadow = shadow.clone();
+                            if let Some(id) = &cd.id {
+                                class_shadow.insert(id.name.as_str().to_string());
+                            }
+                            self.collect_class_capture_names(&cd.body, ref_set, &class_shadow, out);
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::ExportDefaultDeclaration(exp) => match &exp.declaration {
+                oxide_parser::ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                    let body: &[Statement] = fd.body.as_ref().map(|b| &b.statements[..]).unwrap_or(&[]);
+                    let mut inner = shadow.clone();
+                    inner.extend(self.collect_fn_param_names(&fd.params));
+                    inner.extend(self.collect_own_binding_names(&[], body));
+                    self.collect_fn_default_names(&fd.params, ref_set, shadow, out);
+                    self.collect_capture_names_shadowed(body, ref_set, &inner, out);
+                }
+                oxide_parser::ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::ClassDeclaration(cd) => {
+                    let mut class_shadow = shadow.clone();
+                    if let Some(id) = &cd.id {
+                        class_shadow.insert(id.name.as_str().to_string());
+                    }
+                    self.collect_class_capture_names(&cd.body, ref_set, &class_shadow, out);
+                }
+                other => {
+                    if let Some(e) = other.as_expression() {
+                        self.collect_capture_names_expr(e, ref_set, shadow, out);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
             Statement::ThrowStatement(ts) => self.collect_capture_names_expr(&ts.argument, ref_set, shadow, out),
             Statement::SwitchStatement(sw) => {
                 self.collect_capture_names_expr(&sw.discriminant, ref_set, shadow, out);
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs
index 3a067c3..2b023ca 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs
@@ -198,6 +198,14 @@ pub struct CompileCtx {
     /// let/const 循环变量每迭代 fresh cell，update 写寄存器（不污染本迭代闭包
     /// 捕获的 cell），下一迭代 fresh 从寄存器拷入新 cell。
     pub(crate) register_update_names: Vec<String>,
+    /// 模块编译上下文：当前模块命名空间对象寄存器（`__moduleObject` 返回值）。
+    pub(crate) module_ns_reg: Option<u32>,
+    /// 已求值依赖模块的命名空间对象寄存器（按 import/export source 字符串索引）。
+    pub(crate) module_dep_ns_regs: HashMap<String, u32>,
+    /// 自导入（import from 自身）的 source 字符串集合：绑定走别名语义，不能链接期快照。
+    pub(crate) module_self_import_specs: HashSet<String>,
+    /// 自导入别名：导出名 → 本地绑定槽寄存器（export 语句执行时回写绑定值）。
+    pub(crate) module_self_aliases: HashMap<String, u32>,
 }
 
 /// 函数体编译上下文：决定 `this`/`super` 绑定与参数前导（prologue）形态。
@@ -295,6 +303,10 @@ impl CompileCtx {
             with_stack: Vec::new(),
             open_try_handlers: Vec::new(),
             register_update_names: Vec::new(),
+            module_ns_reg: None,
+            module_dep_ns_regs: HashMap::new(),
+            module_self_import_specs: HashSet::new(),
+            module_self_aliases: HashMap::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -596,7 +608,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
 
     /// 组装 IRFunction（两出口共用），take 走编译产物状态。
     /// `parent_ctx` 用于补全 upvalue_captures 的 enclosing_reg（父符号表在父 emit 完成后完整）。
-    fn assemble_ir(&mut self, param_layout: oxide_ir::ParamLayout, parent_ctx: Option<&CompileCtx>) -> IRFunction {
+    pub(crate) fn assemble_ir(&mut self, param_layout: oxide_ir::ParamLayout, parent_ctx: Option<&CompileCtx>) -> IRFunction {
         let upvalue_captures = self
             .current_upvalue_captures
             .iter()
@@ -1250,6 +1262,9 @@ impl Emitter {
             Statement::ContinueStatement(c) => self.emit_continue_statement(c, ctx),
             Statement::LabeledStatement(ls) => self.emit_labeled_statement(ls, ctx),
             Statement::WithStatement(_) => self.emit_with_domain(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(_)
+            | Statement::ExportDefaultDeclaration(_)
+            | Statement::ExportAllDeclaration(_) => self.emit_module_export_domain(stmt, ctx),
             _ => Ok(None),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs
index a0ef550..761ae97 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl Emitter {
         Ok(r)
     }
 
-    fn emit_function_expression(&self, fe: &oxide_parser::Function, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<u32, String> {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_function_expression(&self, fe: &oxide_parser::Function, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<u32, String> {
         // 函数表达式：编译函数体为子模块，create_closure 实例化闭包
         let mut param_names = Vec::new();
         for (idx, param) in fe.params.items.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl Emitter {
         Ok(r)
     }
 
-    fn emit_class_expression(&self, class: &Class, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<u32, String> {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_class_expression(&self, class: &Class, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<u32, String> {
         self.emit_class(class, ctx)
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/lib.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/lib.rs
index 3df1f33..30e16d6 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 pub mod class;
 pub mod closure;
+pub mod module;
 pub mod emit;
 mod emit_log;
 pub mod emit_ctx;
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/module.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/module.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efd9c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/module.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+//! 模块编译：import/export 解析、依赖加载（递归）、快照式链接与命名空间。
+//!
+//! 快照式链接：依赖模块先整体求值（`__moduleEval`）并返回命名空间对象，
+//! 导入绑定在 prelude 一次性初始化；`export` 语句就地注册导出值。
+//! live binding / defer / source-phase 语义留待后续轮次（循环导入在编译期跳过）。
+
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use crate::expr::call::pack_arg_regs;
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxc_allocator::Box;
+use oxide_bytecode::module::Constant;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_ir::{IRFunction, ParamLayout};
+use oxide_parser::{
+    BindingPattern, Declaration, ExportDefaultDeclarationKind, ImportAttributeKey, ImportDeclarationSpecifier,
+    ModuleExportName, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind, WithClause,
+};
+
+/// 数据模块种类（非 JS 源码模块）。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ModuleKind {
+    Js,
+    Json,
+    Text,
+    Bytes,
+}
+
+/// 已解析的依赖模块。
+pub struct ResolvedModule {
+    /// 模块源码（JS / 数据内容）。
+    pub source: String,
+    /// 模块规范路径（用于自身导入识别与循环检测）。
+    pub path: String,
+    /// 模块种类。
+    pub kind: ModuleKind,
+}
+
+/// 模块加载器：由调用方（test262 runner / CLI）提供文件解析。
+pub trait ModuleSourceLoader {
+    fn resolve(
+        &mut self, base_dir: &str, specifier: &str, attributes: &[(&str, &str)],
+    ) -> Result<ResolvedModule, String>;
+}
+
+fn module_export_name_str(m: &ModuleExportName) -> String {
+    match m {
+        ModuleExportName::IdentifierName(i) => i.name.to_string(),
+        ModuleExportName::IdentifierReference(i) => i.name.to_string(),
+        ModuleExportName::StringLiteral(s) => s.value.to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn module_attributes(with_clause: &Option<Box<'_, WithClause<'_>>>) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    if let Some(wc) = with_clause {
+        for attr in &wc.with_entries {
+            let key = match &attr.key {
+                ImportAttributeKey::Identifier(id) => id.name.to_string(),
+                ImportAttributeKey::StringLiteral(s) => s.value.to_string(),
+            };
+            out.push((key, attr.value.value.to_string()));
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// 收集模块自身直接导出的名称集合（含字符串导出名与 default）：
+/// 供 self-import 链接期校验（自引用导入不存在的导出 → 编译期错误）。
+fn module_own_export_names(body: &[Statement]) -> HashSet<String> {
+    let mut names = HashSet::new();
+    for stmt in body {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                if let Some(decl) = &exp.declaration {
+                    match decl {
+                        Declaration::VariableDeclaration(vd) => {
+                            for d in &vd.declarations {
+                                if let BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id {
+                                    names.insert(bi.name.to_string());
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Declaration::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                            if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
+                                names.insert(id.name.to_string());
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Declaration::ClassDeclaration(cl) => {
+                            if let Some(id) = &cl.id {
+                                names.insert(id.name.to_string());
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for spec in &exp.specifiers {
+                        names.insert(module_export_name_str(&spec.exported));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::ExportDefaultDeclaration(_) => {
+                names.insert("default".to_string());
+            }
+            Statement::ExportAllDeclaration(exp) => {
+                if let Some(exported) = &exp.exported {
+                    names.insert(module_export_name_str(exported));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    names
+}
+
+fn is_hoisted_function_decl(stmt: &Statement) -> bool {
+    match stmt {
+        Statement::FunctionDeclaration(_) => true,
+        Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+            matches!(&exp.declaration, Some(Declaration::FunctionDeclaration(_)))
+        }
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+impl Emitter {
+    /// 编译 ES module：顶层 body + 递归依赖。
+    /// `module_path` 为模块文件的规范路径（依赖解析基准 = 其父目录）。
+    pub fn emit_program_module(
+        &self, program: &oxide_parser::Program, module_path: &str,
+        loader: &mut dyn ModuleSourceLoader,
+    ) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
+        crate::emit_debug!("emit_program_module: {} stmts", program.body.len());
+        let mut ctx = CompileCtx::new();
+        // 模块顶层 var/function 不写全局对象（模块作用域绑定）。
+        ctx.is_global_scope = false;
+        let mut path_stack = vec![module_path.to_string()];
+        self.emit_module_into_ctx(program, module_path, loader, &mut path_stack, &mut ctx)?;
+        Ok(ctx.assemble_ir(ParamLayout { base: 0, count: 0 }, None))
+    }
+
+    /// 模块体 emit（顶层与依赖模块共用入口）。
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    fn emit_module_into_ctx(
+        &self, program: &oxide_parser::Program, module_path: &str,
+        loader: &mut dyn ModuleSourceLoader, path_stack: &mut Vec<String>, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let body = &program.body;
+
+        // —— 预声明（镜像 emit_program；import/export 包装的声明也计入 hoisting）——
+        self.predeclare_function_declarations(body, ctx);
+        self.pre_register_builtin_references(body, ctx);
+        self.predeclare_var_declarations(body, ctx);
+        self.predeclare_lexical_declarations(body, ctx);
+
+        // 闭包捕获分析（import 绑定名纳入 own_bindings，供嵌套函数 cell 捕获）。
+        ctx.own_bindings = self.collect_own_binding_names(&[], body);
+        ctx.captured_bindings = self.collect_captured_bindings(body, &[], &ctx.own_bindings);
+
+        // —— 模块命名空间对象 ——
+        let ns_reg = self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleObject", &[])?;
+        ctx.module_ns_reg = Some(ns_reg);
+
+        // —— 依赖收集（import + re-export/star 的 source，按首次出现去重）——
+        let base_dir = Path::new(module_path)
+            .parent()
+            .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut deps: Vec<(String, Vec<(String, String)>)> = Vec::new();
+        for stmt in body {
+            let (spec, attrs) = match stmt {
+                Statement::ImportDeclaration(imp) => {
+                    (imp.source.value.to_string(), module_attributes(&imp.with_clause))
+                }
+                Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                    if let Some(src) = &exp.source {
+                        (src.value.to_string(), module_attributes(&exp.with_clause))
+                    } else {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                Statement::ExportAllDeclaration(exp) => {
+                    (exp.source.value.to_string(), module_attributes(&exp.with_clause))
+                }
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+            if !deps.iter().any(|(s, _)| *s == spec) {
+                deps.push((spec, attrs));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // —— 编译并求值依赖 ——
+        for (spec, attrs) in deps {
+            let attr_refs: Vec<(&str, &str)> = attrs.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str(), v.as_str())).collect();
+            let resolved = loader.resolve(&base_dir, &spec, &attr_refs)?;
+            let dep_ns_reg = if resolved.path == module_path {
+                // 自导入：读自身命名空间（依赖即本模块，勿递归）。
+                ns_reg
+            } else {
+                if path_stack.iter().any(|p| *p == resolved.path) {
+                    return Err(format!("circular module import not supported: {}", resolved.path));
+                }
+                path_stack.push(resolved.path.clone());
+                let dep_ir = match resolved.kind {
+                    ModuleKind::Js => self.compile_js_dep(&resolved, loader, path_stack)?,
+                    ModuleKind::Json => self.compile_data_dep("json", &resolved.source)?,
+                    ModuleKind::Text => self.compile_data_dep("text", &resolved.source)?,
+                    ModuleKind::Bytes => return Err("bytes module not supported".into()),
+                };
+                path_stack.pop();
+                ctx.nested.push(dep_ir);
+                let fn_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                ctx.inst(Inst::create_closure(Operand::Reg(fn_reg), ctx.nested.len() as u16));
+                self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleEval", &[fn_reg])?
+            };
+            ctx.module_dep_ns_regs.insert(spec.clone(), dep_ns_reg);
+            if resolved.path == module_path {
+                // 自导入：绑定走别名语义（源导出在 body 执行中才就绪），
+                // 不能像普通依赖那样链接期快照。
+                ctx.module_self_import_specs.insert(spec.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // —— 导入绑定初始化（const 语义；命名空间绑定直接引用 ns 对象）——
+        let own_export_names = module_own_export_names(body);
+        // export * from 'x'（无命名再导出）会把依赖的全部导出转发给自身：
+        // self-import 的名称可能来自 star，编译期无法静态判定，校验放宽。
+        let has_unnamed_star = body
+            .iter()
+            .any(|s| matches!(s, Statement::ExportAllDeclaration(e) if e.exported.is_none()));
+        // 自导入（import from 自身）的绑定在 body 执行中由 export 语句回写：
+        // prelude 先初始化为 undefined（规范：实例化后未求值前 var 源绑定为
+        // undefined），并登记 导出名 → 本地绑定槽 供回写。
+        for stmt in body {
+            if let Statement::ImportDeclaration(imp) = stmt {
+                let dep_spec = imp.source.value.to_string();
+                let dep_ns_reg = *ctx
+                    .module_dep_ns_regs
+                    .get(&dep_spec)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| format!("module dependency missing: {dep_spec}"))?;
+                let is_self = ctx.module_self_import_specs.contains(&dep_spec);
+                if let Some(specifiers) = &imp.specifiers {
+                    for sp in specifiers {
+                        match sp {
+                            ImportDeclarationSpecifier::ImportSpecifier(s) => {
+                                let imported = module_export_name_str(&s.imported);
+                                if is_self {
+                                    if !own_export_names.contains(&imported) && !has_unnamed_star {
+                                        return Err(format!(
+                                            "requested module export is not exported: {imported}"
+                                        ));
+                                    }
+                                    let undef_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
+                                    let undef_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                                    ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(undef_reg), undef_idx));
+                                    self.emit_bind_target(
+                                        s.local.name.as_str(), undef_reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Const, true,
+                                        false, ctx,
+                                    )?;
+                                    if let Ok(reg) = ctx.lookup(s.local.name.as_str()) {
+                                        ctx.module_self_aliases.insert(imported, reg);
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    let name_reg = self.load_string_const(&imported, ctx);
+                                    let val_reg =
+                                        self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleLinkGet", &[dep_ns_reg, name_reg])?;
+                                    self.emit_bind_target(
+                                        s.local.name.as_str(), val_reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Const, true, false,
+                                        ctx,
+                                    )?;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            ImportDeclarationSpecifier::ImportDefaultSpecifier(s) => {
+                                if is_self {
+                                    if !own_export_names.contains("default") {
+                                        return Err("requested module export is not exported: default".into());
+                                    }
+                                    let undef_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
+                                    let undef_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                                    ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(undef_reg), undef_idx));
+                                    self.emit_bind_target(
+                                        s.local.name.as_str(), undef_reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Const, true,
+                                        false, ctx,
+                                    )?;
+                                    if let Ok(reg) = ctx.lookup(s.local.name.as_str()) {
+                                        ctx.module_self_aliases.insert("default".to_string(), reg);
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    let name_reg = self.load_string_const("default", ctx);
+                                    let val_reg =
+                                        self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleLinkGet", &[dep_ns_reg, name_reg])?;
+                                    self.emit_bind_target(
+                                        s.local.name.as_str(), val_reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Const, true, false,
+                                        ctx,
+                                    )?;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            ImportDeclarationSpecifier::ImportNamespaceSpecifier(s) => {
+                                // 命名空间绑定引用 ns 对象本身：自导入时同一对象，
+                                // body 执行后导出自然可见。
+                                self.emit_bind_target(
+                                    s.local.name.as_str(), dep_ns_reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Const, true, false,
+                                    ctx,
+                                )?;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // —— re-export（export { x } from 'mod'）链接检查：实例化期解析，须先于
+        // body 求值（$DONOTEVALUATE 等断言依赖链接错误先抛）——
+        for stmt in body {
+            if let Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) = stmt {
+                if exp.declaration.is_some() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if let Some(src) = &exp.source {
+                    let dep_spec = src.value.to_string();
+                    if ctx.module_self_import_specs.contains(&dep_spec) {
+                        continue; // 自身导出未就绪，body 执行中再解析
+                    }
+                    if let Some(&dep_ns_reg) = ctx.module_dep_ns_regs.get(&dep_spec) {
+                        for spec in &exp.specifiers {
+                            let local_name = module_export_name_str(&spec.local);
+                            let name_reg = self.load_string_const(&local_name, ctx);
+                            self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleLinkGet", &[dep_ns_reg, name_reg])?;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // —— body（函数声明 hoisting 先发，随后其余；import 已由 prelude 处理）——
+        for stmt in body {
+            if is_hoisted_function_decl(stmt) {
+                self.emit_statement(stmt, ctx)?;
+            }
+        }
+        for stmt in body {
+            if is_hoisted_function_decl(stmt) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if matches!(stmt, Statement::ImportDeclaration(_)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            self.emit_statement(stmt, ctx)?;
+        }
+
+        // —— 收尾：封冻命名空间并返回（顶层 RETURN 亦终止 run）——
+        self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleSeal", &[ns_reg])?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::RETURN, Operand::Reg(ns_reg), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 编译 JS 依赖模块（递归）。
+    fn compile_js_dep(
+        &self, resolved: &ResolvedModule, loader: &mut dyn ModuleSourceLoader,
+        path_stack: &mut Vec<String>,
+    ) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
+        let alloc = oxide_parser::Allocator::default();
+        let program = oxide_parser::parse_module(&alloc, &resolved.source).map_err(|errs| {
+            format!(
+                "module parse error: {}",
+                errs.first().map(|e| e.message.as_str()).unwrap_or("parse failed")
+            )
+        })?;
+        let mut ctx = CompileCtx::new();
+        ctx.is_global_scope = false;
+        self.emit_module_into_ctx(&program, &resolved.path, loader, path_stack, &mut ctx)?;
+        Ok(ctx.assemble_ir(ParamLayout { base: 0, count: 0 }, None))
+    }
+
+    /// 编译数据模块（json/text）：body 仅为 __moduleData 调用 + RETURN。
+    fn compile_data_dep(&self, kind: &str, content: &str) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
+        let mut ctx = CompileCtx::new();
+        let kind_reg = self.load_string_const(kind, &mut ctx);
+        let content_reg = self.load_string_const(content, &mut ctx);
+        let val_reg = self.emit_module_call(&mut ctx, "__moduleData", &[kind_reg, content_reg])?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::RETURN, Operand::Reg(val_reg), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        Ok(ctx.assemble_ir(ParamLayout { base: 0, count: 0 }, None))
+    }
+
+    /// 内部辅助调用：CALL_NATIVE 到全局 native（__module*），返回结果寄存器。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_module_call(
+        &self, ctx: &mut CompileCtx, name: &str, arg_regs: &[u32],
+    ) -> Result<u32, String> {
+        let callee_reg = ctx.lookup_or_builtin(name)?;
+        let this_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        let undef_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
+        ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(this_reg), undef_idx));
+        // CALL_NATIVE 按 regs[first_arg + i] 连续读参数：把非连续 vreg 打包为连续块。
+        let mut packed = arg_regs.to_vec();
+        let first_arg_reg = if packed.is_empty() {
+            this_reg
+        } else {
+            pack_arg_regs(&mut packed, ctx)
+        };
+        ctx.inst(Inst::call_native(
+            Operand::Reg(callee_reg),
+            Operand::Reg(this_reg),
+            Operand::Reg(first_arg_reg),
+            packed.len() as u8,
+        ));
+        let result_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        Ok(result_reg)
+    }
+
+    fn load_string_const(&self, s: &str, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> u32 {
+        let idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::String(s.to_string()));
+        let reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(reg), idx));
+        reg
+    }
+
+    /// 自导入别名回写：导出名若被本模块 self-import 绑定别名引用，
+    /// export 语句执行时同步把值写回本地绑定槽。
+    fn emit_self_alias_write(&self, ctx: &mut CompileCtx, export_name: &str, value_reg: u32) {
+        if let Some(&alias_reg) = ctx.module_self_aliases.get(export_name) {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(
+                OpCode::STORE_VAR,
+                Operand::Reg(alias_reg),
+                Operand::Reg(value_reg),
+                Operand::None,
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn emit_module_set(&self, ctx: &mut CompileCtx, ns_reg: u32, name: &str, value_reg: u32) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let name_reg = self.load_string_const(name, ctx);
+        self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleSet", &[ns_reg, name_reg, value_reg])?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn load_var_reg(&self, name: &str, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<u32, String> {
+        let var_reg = ctx.lookup(name)?;
+        let val_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(val_reg), Operand::Reg(var_reg), Operand::None));
+        Ok(val_reg)
+    }
+
+    /// export 语句 emit：声明照常 + 导出值就地注册到命名空间。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_module_export_domain(
+        &self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u32>, String> {
+        let ns_reg = ctx
+            .module_ns_reg
+            .ok_or_else(|| "export outside module context".to_string())?;
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                if let Some(decl) = &exp.declaration {
+                    match decl {
+                        Declaration::VariableDeclaration(vd) => {
+                            self.emit_variable_declaration(vd, ctx)?;
+                            for d in &vd.declarations {
+                                if let BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id {
+                                    let name = bi.name.as_str();
+                                    let val_reg = self.load_var_reg(name, ctx)?;
+                                    self.emit_module_set(ctx, ns_reg, name, val_reg)?;
+                                    self.emit_self_alias_write(ctx, name, val_reg);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Declaration::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                            self.emit_function_declaration(fd, ctx)?;
+                            if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
+                                let name = id.name.as_str();
+                                let val_reg = self.load_var_reg(name, ctx)?;
+                                self.emit_module_set(ctx, ns_reg, name, val_reg)?;
+                                self.emit_self_alias_write(ctx, name, val_reg);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Declaration::ClassDeclaration(cl) => {
+                            self.emit_class_declaration(cl, ctx)?;
+                            if let Some(id) = &cl.id {
+                                let name = id.name.as_str();
+                                let val_reg = self.load_var_reg(name, ctx)?;
+                                self.emit_module_set(ctx, ns_reg, name, val_reg)?;
+                                self.emit_self_alias_write(ctx, name, val_reg);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => return Err("unsupported export declaration".into()),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    let dep_ns_opt = exp.source.as_ref().map(|src| {
+                        ctx.module_dep_ns_regs.get(src.value.as_str()).copied()
+                    });
+                    for spec in &exp.specifiers {
+                        let local_name = module_export_name_str(&spec.local);
+                        let exported_name = module_export_name_str(&spec.exported);
+                        let val_reg = match dep_ns_opt {
+                            Some(Some(dep_ns_reg)) => {
+                                let name_reg = self.load_string_const(&local_name, ctx);
+                                self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleLinkGet", &[dep_ns_reg, name_reg])?
+                            }
+                            Some(None) => {
+                                return Err(format!(
+                                    "export from unknown module: {}",
+                                    exp.source.as_ref().unwrap().value
+                                ))
+                            }
+                            None => self.load_var_reg(&local_name, ctx)?,
+                        };
+                        self.emit_module_set(ctx, ns_reg, &exported_name, val_reg)?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::ExportDefaultDeclaration(exp) => {
+                let val_reg = match &exp.declaration {
+                    ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                        let reg = self.emit_function_expression(fd, ctx)?;
+                        if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
+                            self.emit_bind_target(
+                                id.name.as_str(), reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Const, true, false, ctx,
+                            )?;
+                        }
+                        reg
+                    }
+                    ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::ClassDeclaration(cl) => {
+                        let reg = self.emit_class_expression(cl, ctx)?;
+                        if let Some(id) = &cl.id {
+                            self.emit_bind_target(
+                                id.name.as_str(), reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Const, true, false, ctx,
+                            )?;
+                        }
+                        reg
+                    }
+                    other => {
+                        let expr = other
+                            .as_expression()
+                            .ok_or_else(|| "unsupported export default declaration".to_string())?;
+                        self.emit_expression(expr, ctx)?
+                    }
+                };
+                self.emit_module_set(ctx, ns_reg, "default", val_reg)?;
+                self.emit_self_alias_write(ctx, "default", val_reg);
+            }
+            Statement::ExportAllDeclaration(exp) => {
+                let source = exp.source.value.as_str();
+                let dep_ns_reg = *ctx
+                    .module_dep_ns_regs
+                    .get(source)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| format!("export * from unknown module: {source}"))?;
+                if let Some(exported) = &exp.exported {
+                    // export * as ns from '...'：命名空间再导出。
+                    let exported_name = module_export_name_str(exported);
+                    self.emit_module_set(ctx, ns_reg, &exported_name, dep_ns_reg)?;
+                } else {
+                    self.emit_module_call(ctx, "__moduleStar", &[ns_reg, dep_ns_reg])?;
+                }
+            }
+            _ => return Err("unsupported module export statement".into()),
+        }
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs
index 6d1c696..2b11e8c 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! 支持提升语义。
 
 use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
-use oxide_parser::{BindingPattern, Expression, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
+use oxide_parser::{BindingPattern, Declaration, ExportDefaultDeclarationKind, Expression, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
 
 impl Emitter {
     /// 在临时寄存器池之前分配 builtin 槽位。
@@ -117,6 +117,20 @@ impl Emitter {
                     self.pre_scan_builtin_expr(super_class, ctx);
                 }
             }
+            Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                if let Some(Declaration::VariableDeclaration(vd)) = &exp.declaration {
+                    for d in &vd.declarations {
+                        if let Some(init) = &d.init {
+                            self.pre_scan_builtin_expr(init, ctx);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::ExportDefaultDeclaration(exp) => {
+                if let Some(e) = exp.declaration.as_expression() {
+                    self.pre_scan_builtin_expr(e, ctx);
+                }
+            }
             Statement::FunctionDeclaration(_) | Statement::BreakStatement(_) | Statement::ContinueStatement(_) => {}
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -283,8 +297,15 @@ impl Emitter {
 
     pub(crate) fn predeclare_function_declarations(&self, statements: &[Statement], ctx: &mut CompileCtx) {
         for statement in statements {
-            let Statement::FunctionDeclaration(function) = statement else {
-                continue;
+            let function = match statement {
+                Statement::FunctionDeclaration(f) => f,
+                Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => match &exp.declaration {
+                    Some(Declaration::FunctionDeclaration(f)) => f,
+                    _ => continue,
+                },
+                // export default function foo(){}：foo 绑定由 lexical predeclare 以
+                // Const 预声明（emit 侧 emit_bind_target(Const) 消费预登记槽）。
+                _ => continue,
             };
             let Some(identifier) = &function.id else {
                 continue;
@@ -361,6 +382,24 @@ impl Emitter {
                 Statement::WithStatement(ws) => {
                     self.predeclare_var_declarations(std::slice::from_ref(&ws.body), ctx);
                 }
+                Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                    if let Some(Declaration::VariableDeclaration(decl)) = &exp.declaration {
+                        if !matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Var) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        for d in &decl.declarations {
+                            if let oxide_parser::BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id {
+                                let reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                                let _ = ctx.declare_initialized(
+                                    bi.name.as_str(),
+                                    reg,
+                                    VariableDeclarationKind::Var,
+                                    false,
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
@@ -400,6 +439,60 @@ impl Emitter {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                Statement::ExportNamedDeclaration(exp) => {
+                    if let Some(decl) = &exp.declaration {
+                        match decl {
+                            Declaration::VariableDeclaration(vd) => {
+                                if matches!(vd.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Var) {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                                let is_const = matches!(vd.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Const);
+                                for d in &vd.declarations {
+                                    self.predeclare_lexical_pattern(&d.id, is_const, ctx);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Declaration::ClassDeclaration(cd) => {
+                                if let Some(id) = &cd.id {
+                                    let reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                                    let _ = ctx.declare_predeclared(
+                                        id.name.as_str(),
+                                        reg,
+                                        VariableDeclarationKind::Const,
+                                        true,
+                                    );
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Statement::ExportDefaultDeclaration(exp) => {
+                    match &exp.declaration {
+                        ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::ClassDeclaration(cd) => {
+                            if let Some(id) = &cd.id {
+                                let reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                                let _ = ctx.declare_predeclared(
+                                    id.name.as_str(),
+                                    reg,
+                                    VariableDeclarationKind::Const,
+                                    true,
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ExportDefaultDeclarationKind::FunctionDeclaration(fd) => {
+                            if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
+                                let reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                                let _ = ctx.declare_predeclared(
+                                    id.name.as_str(),
+                                    reg,
+                                    VariableDeclarationKind::Const,
+                                    true,
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/shared/binding.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/shared/binding.rs
index 7249618..4f1188c 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/shared/binding.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/shared/binding.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl Emitter {
 
     /// 绑定单个标识符到槽位。`fresh_cell` 为 true 时对被捕获绑定用 MAKE_CELL_FRESH
     /// （循环每迭代绑定：无条件新建 cell，本迭代闭包捕获新 cell）。
-    fn emit_bind_target(
+    pub(crate) fn emit_bind_target(
         &self, name: &str, src_reg: u32, kind: VariableDeclarationKind, is_const: bool, fresh_cell: bool,
         ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/class_decl.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/class_decl.rs
index 421bfed..b40d367 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/class_decl.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/class_decl.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ impl Emitter {
         let Statement::ClassDeclaration(class) = stmt else {
             return Err("ClassDeclaration without name".into());
         };
+        self.emit_class_declaration(class, ctx)
+    }
+
+    /// 类声明本体：供 export 声明复用（导出声明先按普通声明 emit，再就地注册导出值）。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_class_declaration(
+        &self, class: &oxide_parser::Class, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u32>, String> {
         let name = class
             .id
             .as_ref()
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs
index 052ab24..39a0f33 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ impl Emitter {
         let Statement::FunctionDeclaration(fd) = stmt else {
             return Err("FunctionDeclaration without name".into());
         };
+        self.emit_function_declaration(fd, ctx)
+    }
+
+    /// 函数声明本体：供 export 声明复用（导出声明先按普通声明 emit，再就地注册导出值）。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_function_declaration(
+        &self, fd: &oxide_parser::Function, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u32>, String> {
         let name = if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
             id.name.to_string()
         } else {
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs
index af8f92c..eb05533 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use oxide_bytecode::module::Constant;
 use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
 use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
 use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
-use oxide_parser::{BindingPattern, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
+use oxide_parser::{BindingPattern, Statement, VariableDeclaration, VariableDeclarationKind};
 
 impl Emitter {
     pub(crate) fn emit_variable_declaration_statement(
@@ -14,6 +14,13 @@ impl Emitter {
         let Statement::VariableDeclaration(decl) = stmt else {
             return Ok(None);
         };
+        self.emit_variable_declaration(decl, ctx)
+    }
+
+    /// 变量声明本体：供 export 声明复用（导出声明需先按普通声明 emit，再就地注册导出值）。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_variable_declaration(
+        &self, decl: &VariableDeclaration, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u32>, String> {
         let mut r = None;
         for d in &decl.declarations {
             let is_const = matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Const);