diff --git a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/module.rs b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/module.rs
index d8084b51..ad171948 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/module.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/module.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ pub struct CompiledModule {
     pub needs_home_object: bool,
     /// 是否为生成器函数体（`function*`）：调用返回迭代器对象，body 挂起/恢复执行。
     pub is_generator: bool,
+    /// 是否为异步函数体（`async function` / async 箭头）：调用返回 promise，body 挂起/恢复执行。
+    pub is_async: bool,
     pub upvalue_captures: Vec<UpvalueCapture>,
     pub cells_needed: u8,
     /// 全局扁平模块 id：编译末端 flatten 阶段分配（顶层 0，子模块 DFS 递增）。
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@ impl CompiledModule {
             is_derived_constructor: false,
             needs_home_object: false,
             is_generator: false,
+            is_async: false,
             upvalue_captures: Vec::new(),
             cells_needed: 0,
             flat_id: 0,
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@ impl Clone for CompiledModule {
             is_derived_constructor: self.is_derived_constructor,
             needs_home_object: self.needs_home_object,
             is_generator: self.is_generator,
+            is_async: self.is_async,
             upvalue_captures: self.upvalue_captures.clone(),
             cells_needed: self.cells_needed,
             flat_id: self.flat_id,
diff --git a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
index d6f55245..ce050ce9 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
@@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ define_opcodes! {
     SUSPEND_BODY = 0x77 => "SUSPEND_BODY",
     // `yield*` 委托：rd=内层可迭代对象；委托完成值经 reg 0 交付（与 YIELD 同协议）。
     YIELD_STAR = 0x78 => "YIELD_STAR",
+    // `await`：rd=被等待的值（PromiseResolve 包装）；挂起异步帧，恢复值经 reg 0 交付。
+    AWAIT = 0x79 => "AWAIT",
 
     // ── 位运算 (0x80-0x8F) ──
     BIT_AND = 0x80 => "BIT_AND",
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/class/method.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/class/method.rs
index bf60f7fb..dcaf1786 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/class/method.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/class/method.rs
@@ -98,18 +98,36 @@ impl Emitter {
             .map(|c| ("@@class_brand", *c))
             .into_iter()
             .collect();
-        let mut method_module = self.compile_function_body_with_field_hooks(
-            &param_names,
-            body_stmts,
-            ctx,
-            false,
-            self_binding,
-            FunctionBodyContext::ClassElement,
-            None::<fn(&Emitter, &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<(), String>>,
-            false,
-            &[],
-            &extra_uv,
-        )?;
+        let method_value = method.value.as_ref();
+        let mut method_module = if method_value.r#async {
+            self.compile_function_body_with_field_hooks_gen(
+                &param_names,
+                body_stmts,
+                ctx,
+                false,
+                self_binding,
+                FunctionBodyContext::ClassElement,
+                None::<fn(&Emitter, &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<(), String>>,
+                false,
+                &[],
+                &extra_uv,
+                false,
+                true,
+            )?
+        } else {
+            self.compile_function_body_with_field_hooks(
+                &param_names,
+                body_stmts,
+                ctx,
+                false,
+                self_binding,
+                FunctionBodyContext::ClassElement,
+                None::<fn(&Emitter, &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<(), String>>,
+                false,
+                &[],
+                &extra_uv,
+            )?
+        };
         ctx.in_instance_method = saved_instance;
         ctx.in_static_method = saved_static;
         // 访问器函数名带 "get "/"set " 前缀（SetFunctionName 语义），普通方法裸属性名。
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs
index 05516cac..12983ccc 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/closure.rs
@@ -579,6 +579,11 @@ impl Emitter {
                     self.collect_capture_names_expr(a, ref_set, shadow, out);
                 }
             }
+            // await 表达式：被等待的值里引用的父变量须纳入捕获（与 yield 同因——
+            // 异步体挂起恢复后寄存器已被覆盖，只能经 cell 读取）。
+            Expression::AwaitExpression(ae) => {
+                self.collect_capture_names_expr(&ae.argument, ref_set, shadow, out);
+            }
             Expression::ChainExpression(c) => self.collect_capture_names_chain(&c.expression, ref_set, shadow, out),
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -891,6 +896,7 @@ impl Emitter {
                     self.collect_captured_expr(a, own, out);
                 }
             }
+            Expression::AwaitExpression(ae) => self.collect_captured_expr(&ae.argument, own, out),
             Expression::ChainExpression(c) => self.collect_captured_chain(&c.expression, own, out),
             _ => {}
         }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs
index dc676000..1c5d184e 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit.rs
@@ -163,6 +163,8 @@ pub struct CompileCtx {
     pub(crate) in_static_method: bool,
     /// 本函数是否为生成器函数体（`function*`），`assemble_ir` 回写到 IR。
     pub(crate) is_generator: bool,
+    /// 本函数是否为异步函数体（`async function` / async 箭头），`assemble_ir` 回写到 IR。
+    pub(crate) is_async: bool,
     pub(crate) static_block_this_reg: Option<u8>,
     pub(crate) field_buffer: Option<FieldBuffer>,
     /// 类构造器模块中 `@@field_keys` upvalue 下标（实例字段 computed key 数组）。
@@ -265,6 +267,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
             in_instance_method: false,
             in_static_method: false,
             is_generator: false,
+            is_async: false,
             static_block_this_reg: None,
             field_buffer: None,
             field_keys_uv: None,
@@ -607,6 +610,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
             is_derived_constructor: false,
             needs_home_object: false,
             is_generator: self.is_generator,
+            is_async: self.is_async,
             captured_this_const_idx: 0,
             function_name: None,
             function_length: self.function_length,
@@ -705,19 +709,36 @@ impl Emitter {
         &self, param_specs: &[ParamSpec<'a>], body_stmts: &[Statement<'a>], parent_ctx: &CompileCtx,
         is_expression_body: bool, is_arrow: bool,
     ) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
-        self.compile_function_body_with_flags(param_specs, body_stmts, parent_ctx, is_expression_body, is_arrow, false)
+        self.compile_function_body_with_flags(param_specs, body_stmts, parent_ctx, is_expression_body, is_arrow, false, false)
     }
 
     /// 编译函数体并显式指定生成器标志（`function*` 走此入口）。
     pub(crate) fn compile_generator_body<'a>(
         &self, param_specs: &[ParamSpec<'a>], body_stmts: &[Statement<'a>], parent_ctx: &CompileCtx,
     ) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
-        self.compile_function_body_with_flags(param_specs, body_stmts, parent_ctx, false, false, true)
+        self.compile_function_body_with_flags(param_specs, body_stmts, parent_ctx, false, false, true, false)
+    }
+
+    /// 编译异步函数体（`async function` / async 箭头走此入口）：`is_async` 使
+    /// `assemble_ir` 标记模块，VM 调用时按异步函数协议执行。
+    pub(crate) fn compile_async_body<'a>(
+        &self, param_specs: &[ParamSpec<'a>], body_stmts: &[Statement<'a>], parent_ctx: &CompileCtx,
+        is_expression_body: bool, is_arrow: bool,
+    ) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
+        self.compile_function_body_with_flags(
+            param_specs,
+            body_stmts,
+            parent_ctx,
+            is_expression_body,
+            is_arrow,
+            false,
+            true,
+        )
     }
 
     fn compile_function_body_with_flags<'a>(
         &self, param_specs: &[ParamSpec<'a>], body_stmts: &[Statement<'a>], parent_ctx: &CompileCtx,
-        is_expression_body: bool, is_arrow: bool, is_generator: bool,
+        is_expression_body: bool, is_arrow: bool, is_generator: bool, is_async: bool,
     ) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
         let body_context = if is_arrow {
             FunctionBodyContext::Arrow
@@ -732,6 +753,7 @@ impl Emitter {
             &[],
             body_context,
             is_generator,
+            is_async,
         )
     }
 
@@ -739,7 +761,7 @@ impl Emitter {
     pub(crate) fn compile_function_body_with_bindings_gen<'a>(
         &self, param_specs: &[ParamSpec<'a>], body_stmts: &[Statement<'a>], parent_ctx: &CompileCtx,
         is_expression_body: bool, extra_bindings: &[(&str, u32)], body_context: FunctionBodyContext,
-        is_generator: bool,
+        is_generator: bool, is_async: bool,
     ) -> Result<IRFunction, String> {
         self.compile_function_body_with_field_hooks_gen(
             param_specs,
@@ -753,6 +775,7 @@ impl Emitter {
             &[],
             &[],
             is_generator,
+            is_async,
         )
     }
 
@@ -785,6 +808,7 @@ impl Emitter {
             extra_capture_exprs,
             extra_upvalue_names,
             false,
+            false,
         )
     }
 
@@ -793,13 +817,14 @@ impl Emitter {
         &self, param_specs: &[ParamSpec<'a>], body_stmts: &[Statement<'a>], parent_ctx: &CompileCtx,
         is_expression_body: bool, extra_bindings: &[(&str, u32)], body_context: FunctionBodyContext,
         mut emit_fields: Option<E>, fields_after_super: bool, extra_capture_exprs: &[&'a Expression<'a>],
-        extra_upvalue_names: &[(&str, u8)], is_generator: bool,
+        extra_upvalue_names: &[(&str, u8)], is_generator: bool, is_async: bool,
     ) -> Result<IRFunction, String>
     where
         E: FnMut(&Emitter, &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<(), String>,
     {
         let mut ctx = CompileCtx::new();
         ctx.is_generator = is_generator;
+        ctx.is_async = is_async;
 
         // length = 第一个带默认值形参之前的形参数（解构默认与标识符默认同规则）；
         // rest 参数不在 param_specs 中（独立字段），天然不计入。
@@ -1158,6 +1183,7 @@ impl Emitter {
             | Expression::NewExpression(_) => self.emit_function_domain(expr, ctx),
             Expression::Identifier(ident) => self.emit_identifier_expression(ident, ctx),
             Expression::YieldExpression(ye) => self.emit_yield_expression(ye, ctx),
+            Expression::AwaitExpression(ae) => self.emit_await_expression(ae, ctx),
             Expression::CallExpression(_) => self.emit_call_domain(expr, ctx),
             Expression::ThisExpression(_) => self.emit_this_expression(ctx),
             Expression::SequenceExpression(seq) => self.emit_sequence_expression(seq, ctx),
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/await_expr.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/await_expr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2367180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/await_expr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//! `await` 表达式 emit：求值被等待的值后发 `AWAIT` 指令，结果经 reg 0 交付。
+
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_parser::AwaitExpression;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_await_expression(
+        &self, ae: &AwaitExpression, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<u32, String> {
+        // 求值被等待的值（`await undefined` 时求值 undefined）。
+        let value_reg = self.emit_expression(&ae.argument, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::await_expr(Operand::Reg(value_reg)));
+        // promise settle 后恢复值经 reg 0 交付（与 YIELD/CALL 同协议）。
+        let result_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        Ok(result_reg)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs
index e872cb03..6e40ab2a 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/function/mod.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,11 @@ impl Emitter {
         let body_stmts = &arrow.body.statements;
         let is_expr_body = arrow.expression;
 
-        let mut sub_module = self.compile_function_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, is_expr_body, true)?;
+        let mut sub_module = if arrow.r#async {
+            self.compile_async_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, is_expr_body, true)?
+        } else {
+            self.compile_function_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, is_expr_body, true)?
+        };
         sub_module.is_arrow = true;
 
         ctx.nested.push(sub_module);
@@ -78,6 +82,8 @@ impl Emitter {
 
         let mut sub_module = if fe.generator {
             self.compile_generator_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx)?
+        } else if fe.r#async {
+            self.compile_async_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, false, false)?
         } else {
             self.compile_function_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, false, false)?
         };
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/mod.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/mod.rs
index 2d51ccfc..0d42962a 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/mod.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
 use oxide_parser::Expression;
 
 pub mod assignment;
+pub mod await_expr;
 pub mod call;
 pub mod function;
 pub mod identifier;
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs
index 694299f0..a06aa3db 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/prepass.rs
@@ -216,6 +216,12 @@ impl Emitter {
                 self.pre_scan_builtin_chain(&chain.expression, ctx);
             }
             Expression::ParenthesizedExpression(p) => self.pre_scan_builtin_expr(&p.expression, ctx),
+            Expression::YieldExpression(ye) => {
+                if let Some(a) = &ye.argument {
+                    self.pre_scan_builtin_expr(a, ctx);
+                }
+            }
+            Expression::AwaitExpression(ae) => self.pre_scan_builtin_expr(&ae.argument, ctx),
             Expression::ArrowFunctionExpression(_)
             | Expression::FunctionExpression(_)
             | Expression::ClassExpression(_) => {}
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs
index 1d109073..843d4b4a 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/function_decl.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ impl Emitter {
         let body_stmts: &[Statement] = if let Some(body) = &fd.body { &body.statements } else { &[] };
         let mut sub_module = if fd.generator {
             self.compile_generator_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx)?
+        } else if fd.r#async {
+            self.compile_async_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, false, false)?
         } else {
             self.compile_function_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, false, false)?
         };
diff --git a/crates/oxide_ir/src/contract.rs b/crates/oxide_ir/src/contract.rs
index 499a203f..1bd94610 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_ir/src/contract.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_ir/src/contract.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl Inst {
             // CALL 系：结果隐式写 reg 0，rd 是 callee 的 use
             OpCode::CALL | OpCode::CALL_NATIVE | OpCode::CALL_SPREAD => Some(0),
             // YIELD/YIELD_STAR：恢复时 next(v) 的 v / 委托完成值经 reg 0 交付（与 CALL 同协议）
-            OpCode::YIELD | OpCode::YIELD_STAR => Some(0),
+            OpCode::YIELD | OpCode::YIELD_STAR | OpCode::AWAIT => Some(0),
             // GET_PROP 系：结果写 a/b 槽而非 rd
             OpCode::GET_PROP | OpCode::IC_GET_PROP => reg_of(&self.a),
             OpCode::GET_PROP_DYNAMIC => reg_of(&self.b),
@@ -228,8 +228,12 @@ impl Inst {
             }
             // HALT：隐式读 reg 0（顶层返回值）
             OpCode::HALT => uses.push(0),
-            // RETURN/THROW/YIELD/YIELD_STAR：读 rd（None→0）
-            OpCode::RETURN | OpCode::THROW | OpCode::YIELD | OpCode::YIELD_STAR => push_operand(&mut uses, &self.rd),
+            // RETURN/THROW/YIELD/YIELD_STAR/AWAIT：读 rd（None→0）
+            OpCode::RETURN
+            | OpCode::THROW
+            | OpCode::YIELD
+            | OpCode::YIELD_STAR
+            | OpCode::AWAIT => push_operand(&mut uses, &self.rd),
             // 加载族：a 槽是 Const/Imm 立即数，无寄存器 use
             OpCode::LOAD_CONST
             | OpCode::CREATE_CLOSURE
diff --git a/crates/oxide_ir/src/inst.rs b/crates/oxide_ir/src/inst.rs
index 7cd71603..ebf73119 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_ir/src/inst.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_ir/src/inst.rs
@@ -284,6 +284,12 @@ impl Inst {
         Self::new(OpCode::SUSPEND_BODY, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None)
     }
 
+    /// `await` 让出：`rd` 为被等待的值（运行时 PromiseResolve 包装）；异步帧挂起，
+    /// promise settle 后恢复，值经 reg 0 交付（与 YIELD 同协议）。
+    pub fn await_expr(src: Operand) -> Self {
+        Self::new(OpCode::AWAIT, src, Operand::None, Operand::None)
+    }
+
     // ── 跳转族：label 放 b 槽，offset 计算是 lowering 职责 ──
 
     /// 无条件跳转。label 放 b 槽，offset 由 lowering 回填。
diff --git a/crates/oxide_ir/src/lib.rs b/crates/oxide_ir/src/lib.rs
index 5c7bc6dc..03dbd0f5 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_ir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_ir/src/lib.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ pub struct IRFunction {
     pub needs_home_object: bool,
     /// 是否为生成器函数体（`function*`）。
     pub is_generator: bool,
+    /// 是否为异步函数体（`async function` / async 箭头）。
+    pub is_async: bool,
     pub captured_this_const_idx: u16,
     pub function_name: Option<String>,
     /// 函数 `length` 属性值：第一个带默认值/解构默认的形参之前的形参数（rest 不计）。
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ impl IRFunction {
             is_derived_constructor: false,
             needs_home_object: false,
             is_generator: false,
+            is_async: false,
             captured_this_const_idx: 0,
             function_name: None,
             function_length: 0,
diff --git a/crates/oxide_ir/src/lower.rs b/crates/oxide_ir/src/lower.rs
index cb032b0a..368cee80 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_ir/src/lower.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_ir/src/lower.rs
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ pub fn lower(f: &IRFunction) -> Result<CompiledModule, String> {
         is_derived_constructor: f.is_derived_constructor,
         needs_home_object: f.needs_home_object,
         is_generator: f.is_generator,
+        is_async: f.is_async,
         upvalue_captures: f.upvalue_captures.clone(),
         cells_needed: f.cells_needed,
         flat_id: 0,
diff --git a/crates/oxide_test262/src/main.rs b/crates/oxide_test262/src/main.rs
index dce34651..54a90e4c 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_test262/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_test262/src/main.rs
@@ -401,7 +401,6 @@ fn is_skipped(meta: &TestMeta) -> Option<String> {
     let excluded_features = [
         "Proxy",
         "BigInt",
-        "async-functions",
         "Intl",
         "Temporal",
         "module",
diff --git a/crates/oxide_types/src/object.rs b/crates/oxide_types/src/object.rs
index a0eb0844..4e1a724e 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_types/src/object.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_types/src/object.rs
@@ -402,6 +402,8 @@ impl JsObject {
     pub const OBJ_TYPE_GENERATOR: u8 = 10;
     /// Promise 对象：状态盒（Pending/Fulfilled/Rejected + reactions）存于 `native_data`。
     pub const OBJ_TYPE_PROMISE: u8 = 11;
+    /// 异步函数执行上下文（隐藏对象）：`AsyncState` 快照存于 `native_data`。
+    pub const OBJ_TYPE_ASYNC: u8 = 12;
     /// `is_session_epoch` 字段中的 session 标记位。
     pub const SESSION_EPOCH_BIT: u8 = 0x01;
     /// `is_session_epoch` 字段中的 GC 标记位。
@@ -457,6 +459,11 @@ impl JsObject {
     pub fn is_promise_obj(&self) -> bool {
         self.type_tag == Self::OBJ_TYPE_PROMISE
     }
+    /// 是否异步函数执行上下文对象。
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_async_obj(&self) -> bool {
+        self.type_tag == Self::OBJ_TYPE_ASYNC
+    }
 
     /// 构造无属性、可扩展的空对象（`new Object()` 的基础对象）。
     pub fn new_empty(shape_id: ShapeId, proto: JsValue) -> Self {
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/async_func.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/async_func.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..218f643c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/async_func.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+//! 异步函数运行时：异步帧快照挂起/恢复 + await 微任务驱动。
+//!
+//! 策略：`async function` 调用返回 capability promise（状态存 `AsyncState`），
+//! body 立即同步执行到第一个 `AWAIT`（与 generator 的惰性不同）。`await` 求值
+//! 被等待值、PromiseResolve 包装后登记恢复反应；promise settle 后微任务经
+//! `Vm::async_context` 驱动的嵌套 dispatch 恢复异步帧，执行到下一个
+//! `AWAIT`/`RETURN`/异常。挂起快照/恢复机械复用 generator 的 regs/pc/bytecode/
+//! spill/save/try/cell 栈段搬运。`AWAIT` 经 `Vm::async_suspended` 信号让内嵌
+//! dispatch 返回，恢复方据此快照挂起状态。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode;
+use oxide_kernel::shape_forge::EMPTY_SHAPE_ID;
+use oxide_runtime_api::{to_boolean, NativeResult};
+use oxide_types::mem::P;
+use oxide_types::object::{Cell, JsObject, NativeFnPtr, PropAttributes};
+use oxide_types::value::JsValue;
+
+use crate::vm::{CallFrame, Completion, ForInIter, FrameContinuation, TryHandler, Vm};
+
+/// 异步函数执行阶段。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum AsyncPhase {
+    /// 尚未开始执行（调用时压帧前）。
+    New,
+    /// 正在执行（body 运行在嵌套 dispatch 循环中）。
+    Running,
+    /// 已在 `await` 挂起。
+    Suspended,
+    /// 已正常返回 / 异常结束。
+    Completed,
+}
+
+/// 异步函数挂起时的完整执行上下文快照 + capability。
+///
+/// 存在异步上下文对象 `native_data`（`Box`），跨 await 微任务存活；其中所有
+/// `JsValue` 由 session GC 经上下文对象边追踪（见 `session_gc`）。
+pub(crate) struct AsyncState {
+    pub phase: AsyncPhase,
+    /// 异步函数对象（首次执行时压帧用）。
+    pub callee: JsValue,
+    /// 首次调用实参。
+    pub args: Vec<JsValue>,
+    /// 首次调用时的方法接收者（`obj.g()` 的 `obj`），压帧时作 `this` 绑定。
+    pub this_value: JsValue,
+    /// 完成后返回值。
+    pub result: JsValue,
+    /// 调用返回给调用方的 capability promise。
+    pub promise: JsValue,
+    /// capability 上的 resolve/reject 闭包（完成时结算用）。
+    pub resolve: JsValue,
+    pub reject: JsValue,
+    // ── 挂起时的执行上下文 ──
+    pub regs: Box<[JsValue; 256]>,
+    pub pc: usize,
+    pub bytecode: Vec<opcode::Instr>,
+    /// 异步模块 flat_id（恢复时重激活 immutables）。
+    pub sub_idx: u32,
+    pub active_reg_limit: u8,
+    pub root_reg_limit: u8,
+    /// 异步帧（压入时由 push_bytecode_frame 构造，挂起时弹出存此）。
+    pub frame: Option<CallFrame>,
+    pub spill_stack: Vec<JsValue>,
+    pub save_stack: Vec<JsValue>,
+    pub cell_stack: Vec<Vec<*mut Cell>>,
+    pub try_stack: Vec<TryHandler>,
+    pub for_in_iters: Vec<*mut ForInIter<'static>>,
+    pub for_of_iters: Vec<JsValue>,
+    pub last_for_of_result: JsValue,
+    pub saved_bytecode_stack: Vec<Vec<opcode::Instr>>,
+    pub saved_immutables_stack: Vec<*const [JsValue]>,
+    /// 在途异常/完成（异常展开穿越 await 挂起时保留，恢复后继续展开）。
+    pub exception_value: Option<JsValue>,
+    pub pending_exception: Option<JsValue>,
+    pub pending_error_kind: Option<&'static str>,
+    pub pending_completion: Option<Completion>,
+}
+
+/// 一次 await 恢复的注入模式。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub(crate) enum AsyncResumeMode {
+    /// 普通恢复：fulfilled 值作为 `await` 表达式结果（写 reg 0）。
+    Next(JsValue),
+    /// 拒绝恢复：在挂起点抛错（可被 catch/finally 捕获）。
+    Throw(JsValue),
+}
+
+/// 异步上下文对象上存 capability 闭包的属性名（await 恢复闭包定位上下文用）。
+const ASYNC_CTX_PROP: &str = "__oxide_async_ctx__";
+/// 恢复闭包上区分 reject 角色的属性名。
+const ASYNC_REJECT_PROP: &str = "__oxide_async_reject__";
+
+impl Vm {
+    /// 调用异步函数返回的 capability promise：创建上下文对象 + 状态盒，立即压帧
+    /// 同步执行 body 到第一个 AWAIT/RETURN/异常，返回 pending promise。
+    ///
+    /// # 副作用
+    /// - 上下文对象状态从 `New` 转为 `Running`；AWAIT 挂起后转为 `Suspended`。
+    /// - 参数默认值副作用、body 到首个 await 的同步执行在调用时刻完成。
+    pub(crate) fn create_async_object(
+        &mut self, callee: JsValue, this_value: JsValue, args: &[JsValue],
+    ) -> Result<JsValue, String> {
+        let (promise, resolve, reject) = self.new_promise_capability();
+        let ctx_val = self.create_async_context(callee, this_value, args, promise, resolve, reject);
+        self.start_async(ctx_val)?;
+        Ok(promise)
+    }
+
+    /// 分配异步上下文对象（`OBJ_TYPE_ASYNC`），AsyncState 状态盒挂 `native_data`。
+    fn create_async_context(
+        &mut self, callee: JsValue, this_value: JsValue, args: &[JsValue], promise: JsValue, resolve: JsValue,
+        reject: JsValue,
+    ) -> JsValue {
+        let proto_val = JsValue::from_js_object(self.session.builtin_world().object_proto.as_ptr() as *mut JsObject);
+        let ptr = self.alloc_object(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, proto_val));
+        let obj = unsafe { &mut *ptr };
+        obj.type_tag = JsObject::OBJ_TYPE_ASYNC;
+        let state = Box::new(AsyncState {
+            phase: AsyncPhase::New,
+            callee,
+            args: args.to_vec(),
+            this_value,
+            result: JsValue::undefined(),
+            promise,
+            resolve,
+            reject,
+            regs: Box::new([JsValue::undefined(); 256]),
+            pc: 0,
+            bytecode: Vec::new(),
+            sub_idx: 0,
+            active_reg_limit: 0,
+            root_reg_limit: 0,
+            frame: None,
+            spill_stack: Vec::new(),
+            save_stack: Vec::new(),
+            cell_stack: Vec::new(),
+            try_stack: Vec::new(),
+            for_in_iters: Vec::new(),
+            for_of_iters: Vec::new(),
+            last_for_of_result: JsValue::undefined(),
+            saved_bytecode_stack: Vec::new(),
+            saved_immutables_stack: Vec::new(),
+            exception_value: None,
+            pending_exception: None,
+            pending_error_kind: None,
+            pending_completion: None,
+        });
+        obj.set_native_data(Box::into_raw(state) as *mut u8);
+        JsValue::from_js_object(ptr)
+    }
+
+    /// 取出异步上下文对象的状态指针（调用方须先校验 `is_async_obj`）。
+    fn async_state_ptr(&self, ctx_val: JsValue) -> *mut AsyncState {
+        unsafe { (*ctx_val.as_js_object_ptr()).native_data() as *mut AsyncState }
+    }
+
+    /// 首次启动异步体：压入异步帧并在嵌套 dispatch 中执行到第一个 AWAIT/RETURN/异常。
+    ///
+    /// # 步骤
+    /// 1. 用 `InlineSyncState` 保存调用方 VM 状态，清空 VM 后压入异步帧。
+    /// 2. 嵌套 `dispatch()` 运行 body；AWAIT 置 `async_suspended` 使 dispatch 返回。
+    /// 3. 挂起则快照；完成则 resolve capability；异常则 reject。恢复调用方状态。
+    fn start_async(&mut self, ctx_val: JsValue) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let state_ptr = self.async_state_ptr(ctx_val);
+        let saved = self.save_inline_state();
+        self.async_suspended = false;
+        let prev_ctx = self.async_context.take();
+        let prev_dispatch = self.async_dispatch;
+        self.async_dispatch = true;
+        self.async_context = Some(ctx_val);
+        self.native_call_depth += 1;
+
+        self.regs = [JsValue::undefined(); 256];
+        self.pc = 0;
+        self.bytecode = Vec::new();
+        self.active_reg_limit = 1;
+        self.root_reg_limit = 1;
+        self.try_stack.clear();
+        self.iters.for_in_iters.clear();
+        self.iters.for_of_iters.clear();
+        self.iters.last_for_of_result = JsValue::undefined();
+        self.spill_stack.clear();
+        self.save_stack.clear();
+        self.saved_bytecode_stack.clear();
+        self.saved_immutables_stack.clear();
+        self.cell_stack.clear();
+        self.inline_callee = None;
+        let callee = unsafe { (*state_ptr).callee };
+        let this_value = unsafe { (*state_ptr).this_value };
+        let args = unsafe { std::mem::take(&mut (*state_ptr).args) };
+        let push_res = self.push_bytecode_frame(
+            callee,
+            this_value,
+            &args,
+            None,
+            None,
+            JsValue::undefined(),
+            FrameContinuation::None,
+        );
+        unsafe { (*state_ptr).args = args };
+        if let Err(e) = push_res {
+            self.async_dispatch = prev_dispatch;
+            self.async_context = prev_ctx;
+            self.native_call_depth -= 1;
+            self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+            return Err(e);
+        }
+        unsafe { (*state_ptr).phase = AsyncPhase::Running };
+
+        let result = self.dispatch();
+        self.async_dispatch = prev_dispatch;
+        self.async_context = prev_ctx;
+        self.native_call_depth -= 1;
+
+        if std::mem::take(&mut self.async_suspended) {
+            let state = unsafe { &mut *state_ptr };
+            self.snapshot_async(state)?;
+            self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(value) => {
+                self.finish_async(state_ptr, Ok(value))?;
+                self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                let exc = self
+                    .last_uncaught_value
+                    .take()
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| oxide_builtins::error::create_error(self, &e));
+                self.finish_async(state_ptr, Err(exc))?;
+                self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 恢复异步体一步执行：`await` 的 promise settle 后由恢复闭包调用。
+    ///
+    /// # 步骤
+    /// 1. 用 `InlineSyncState` 保存调用方 VM 状态，把挂起快照灌回 VM。
+    /// 2. 注入 await 结果（fulfilled 写 reg 0 / rejected 注入异常并展开）。
+    /// 3. 嵌套 `dispatch()` 运行 body 到下一个 AWAIT/RETURN/异常。
+    /// 4. 挂起则快照新状态；完成/异常则结算 capability。恢复调用方状态。
+    pub(crate) fn resume_async(&mut self, ctx_val: JsValue, mode: AsyncResumeMode) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let state_ptr = self.async_state_ptr(ctx_val);
+        let saved = self.save_inline_state();
+        self.async_suspended = false;
+        let prev_ctx = self.async_context.take();
+        let prev_dispatch = self.async_dispatch;
+        self.async_dispatch = true;
+        self.async_context = Some(ctx_val);
+        self.native_call_depth += 1;
+
+        {
+            let state = unsafe { &mut *state_ptr };
+            self.regs = *state.regs;
+            self.pc = state.pc;
+            self.bytecode = std::mem::take(&mut state.bytecode);
+            let subs = Arc::clone(&self.sub_modules);
+            if (state.sub_idx as usize) < subs.len() {
+                self.activate_immutables(state.sub_idx as usize, &subs[state.sub_idx as usize].constants);
+            } else {
+                // 挂起状态跨 run：sub_modules 已重建，无法恢复（与生成器同限制）。
+                self.async_dispatch = prev_dispatch;
+                self.async_context = prev_ctx;
+                self.native_call_depth -= 1;
+                self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+                return Err("async function suspended across runs is no longer valid".into());
+            }
+            self.active_reg_limit = state.active_reg_limit;
+            self.root_reg_limit = state.root_reg_limit;
+            self.frames.clear();
+            if let Some(frame) = state.frame.take() {
+                self.frames.push(frame);
+            }
+            self.spill_stack = std::mem::take(&mut state.spill_stack);
+            self.save_stack = std::mem::take(&mut state.save_stack);
+            self.cell_stack = std::mem::take(&mut state.cell_stack);
+            self.try_stack = std::mem::take(&mut state.try_stack);
+            self.iters.for_in_iters = std::mem::take(&mut state.for_in_iters);
+            self.iters.for_of_iters = std::mem::take(&mut state.for_of_iters);
+            self.iters.last_for_of_result = state.last_for_of_result;
+            self.saved_bytecode_stack = std::mem::take(&mut state.saved_bytecode_stack);
+            self.saved_immutables_stack = std::mem::take(&mut state.saved_immutables_stack);
+            self.exception_value = state.exception_value.take();
+            self.pending_exception = state.pending_exception.take();
+            self.pending_error_kind = state.pending_error_kind.take();
+            self.pending_completion = state.pending_completion.take();
+            self.inline_callee = None;
+            state.phase = AsyncPhase::Running;
+        }
+
+        // 注入 await 结果：fulfilled 写 reg 0；rejected 恢复异常上下文并展开。
+        if let AsyncResumeMode::Throw(exc) = mode {
+            self.exception_value = Some(exc);
+            self.pending_error_kind = Some(self.thrown_error_kind(exc));
+            if self.unwind().is_err() {
+                // 异常逃逸出异步帧（无 catch/finally）：结算为 reject。
+                self.async_dispatch = prev_dispatch;
+                self.async_context = prev_ctx;
+                self.native_call_depth -= 1;
+                let thrown = self.last_uncaught_value.take().unwrap_or(exc);
+                self.finish_async(state_ptr, Err(thrown))?;
+                self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        } else if let AsyncResumeMode::Next(value) = mode {
+            self.regs[0] = value;
+        }
+
+        let result = self.dispatch();
+        self.async_dispatch = prev_dispatch;
+        self.async_context = prev_ctx;
+        self.native_call_depth -= 1;
+
+        if std::mem::take(&mut self.async_suspended) {
+            let state = unsafe { &mut *state_ptr };
+            self.snapshot_async(state)?;
+            self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(value) => {
+                self.finish_async(state_ptr, Ok(value))?;
+                self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                let exc = self
+                    .last_uncaught_value
+                    .take()
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| oxide_builtins::error::create_error(self, &e));
+                self.finish_async(state_ptr, Err(exc))?;
+                self.restore_inline_state(saved);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 结算异步函数：正常结束 resolve capability，异常结束 reject capability。
+    fn finish_async(&mut self, state_ptr: *mut AsyncState, outcome: Result<JsValue, JsValue>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let (promise, value) = {
+            let state = unsafe { &mut *state_ptr };
+            state.phase = AsyncPhase::Completed;
+            match &outcome {
+                Ok(v) => {
+                    state.result = *v;
+                    (state.promise, *v)
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    state.result = JsValue::undefined();
+                    (state.promise, *e)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        match outcome {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                let _ = self.resolve_promise(promise, value);
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                let _ = self.reject_promise(promise, value);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// `await` dispatch：PromiseResolve 包装被等待值、登记恢复反应，置挂起信号。
+    ///
+    /// # 副作用
+    /// - 被等待值为原生 Promise 时直接复用，否则建新 promise 并 PromiseResolve。
+    /// - 经 `perform_promise_then` 登记 fulfill/reject 恢复反应（微任务入队）。
+    pub(crate) fn dispatch_await(&mut self, rd: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let ctx = match self.async_context {
+            Some(c) => c,
+            None => return Err("AWAIT executed outside async function".into()),
+        };
+        let value = self.regs[rd];
+        let promise = if self.is_promise_value(value) {
+            value
+        } else {
+            let (p, _, _) = self.new_promise_capability();
+            let _ = self.resolve_promise(p, value);
+            p
+        };
+        let fulfill_fn = self.make_async_await_resume_fn(ctx, false);
+        let reject_fn = self.make_async_await_resume_fn(ctx, true);
+        let _ = self.perform_promise_then(promise, fulfill_fn, reject_fn);
+        self.async_suspended = true;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 构造 await 恢复闭包：携带目标异步上下文对象，区分 fulfill/reject 角色。
+    fn make_async_await_resume_fn(&mut self, ctx: JsValue, reject_role: bool) -> JsValue {
+        let fn_proto = self.session.builtin_world().fn_proto_val();
+        let mut func = JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, fn_proto);
+        func.set_function(true);
+        // SAFETY: async_await_resume_closure 是 NativeFn 函数项。
+        func.set_native_fn(Some(unsafe { NativeFnPtr::from_raw(async_await_resume_closure as *const ()) }));
+        func.set_native_arg_count(1);
+        let ptr = self.alloc_object(func);
+        let obj = unsafe { &mut *ptr };
+        let ctx_si = self.kernel_core.perm_interner().intern(ASYNC_CTX_PROP).0;
+        self.set_or_create_prop_value(obj, ctx_si, ctx);
+        let role_si = self.kernel_core.perm_interner().intern(ASYNC_REJECT_PROP).0;
+        self.set_or_create_prop_value(obj, role_si, JsValue::bool(reject_role));
+        self.add_fn_name_length(obj, "", 1);
+        JsValue::from_js_object(ptr)
+    }
+
+    /// 把当前 VM 执行状态（异步 body 刚在嵌套 dispatch 中让出）快照进状态盒。
+    ///
+    /// 异步帧弹出存 `frame`，其余栈段整段搬入（嵌套循环期间这些栈只含异步数据）。
+    fn snapshot_async(&mut self, state: &mut AsyncState) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let frame = self
+            .frames
+            .pop()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "async frame missing on await".to_string())?;
+        state.frame = Some(frame);
+        state.regs = Box::new(self.regs);
+        state.pc = self.pc;
+        state.bytecode = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytecode);
+        state.sub_idx = if state.callee.is_object() {
+            unsafe { (*state.callee.as_js_object_ptr()).sub_module_index() }
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+        state.active_reg_limit = self.active_reg_limit;
+        state.root_reg_limit = self.root_reg_limit;
+        state.spill_stack = std::mem::take(&mut self.spill_stack);
+        state.save_stack = std::mem::take(&mut self.save_stack);
+        state.cell_stack = std::mem::take(&mut self.cell_stack);
+        state.try_stack = std::mem::take(&mut self.try_stack);
+        state.for_in_iters = std::mem::take(&mut self.iters.for_in_iters);
+        state.for_of_iters = std::mem::take(&mut self.iters.for_of_iters);
+        state.last_for_of_result = self.iters.last_for_of_result;
+        state.saved_bytecode_stack = std::mem::take(&mut self.saved_bytecode_stack);
+        state.saved_immutables_stack = std::mem::take(&mut self.saved_immutables_stack);
+        state.exception_value = self.exception_value.take();
+        state.pending_exception = self.pending_exception.take();
+        state.pending_error_kind = self.pending_error_kind.take();
+        state.pending_completion = self.pending_completion.take();
+        state.phase = AsyncPhase::Suspended;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// await 恢复闭包：读自身 prop 的异步上下文与角色，恢复异步帧继续执行。
+fn async_await_resume_closure(vm: &mut Vm, args: &[u8]) -> NativeResult {
+    let callee = vm.reg(254);
+    if !callee.is_object() {
+        return NativeResult::Err(oxide_builtins::error::create_type_error(vm, "await resume handler is invalid"));
+    }
+    let callee_obj = unsafe { &*callee.as_js_object_ptr() };
+    let ctx_si = vm.kernel_core.perm_interner().intern(ASYNC_CTX_PROP).0;
+    let ctx = vm.resolve_property(callee_obj, ctx_si).unwrap_or(JsValue::undefined());
+    let role_si = vm.kernel_core.perm_interner().intern(ASYNC_REJECT_PROP).0;
+    let is_reject = vm
+        .resolve_property(callee_obj, role_si)
+        .map_or(false, to_boolean);
+    let value = if args.len() > 1 { vm.reg(args[1]) } else { JsValue::undefined() };
+    let mode = if is_reject {
+        AsyncResumeMode::Throw(value)
+    } else {
+        AsyncResumeMode::Next(value)
+    };
+    match vm.resume_async(ctx, mode) {
+        Ok(()) => NativeResult::Ok(JsValue::undefined()),
+        Err(e) => NativeResult::Err(oxide_builtins::error::create_error(vm, &e)),
+    }
+}
+
+/// 初始化/重建异步函数内建对象：`%AsyncFunction.prototype%`（+ 占位 `%AsyncFunction%`）。
+///
+/// 异步函数对象的 [[Prototype]] 指向此原型（`f.constructor.name` → "AsyncFunction"）。
+/// 动态 `AsyncFunction` 构造器创建未实现，调用抛 TypeError。
+pub(crate) fn init_async_intrinsics(vm: &mut Vm) {
+    let sf = vm.kernel_core.perm_interner().as_ref();
+    let sh = vm.kernel_core.shape_forge().as_ref();
+    let fn_proto_val = vm.session.builtin_world().fn_proto_val();
+
+    // %AsyncFunction% 构造器：proto = Function.prototype，调用抛错（动态创建未实现）。
+    let mut af_ctor = Box::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, fn_proto_val));
+    af_ctor.set_function(true);
+    af_ctor.set_native_arg_count(1);
+    // SAFETY: async_function_stub 是 NativeFn 函数项。
+    af_ctor.set_native_fn(Some(unsafe { NativeFnPtr::from_raw(async_function_stub as *const ()) }));
+
+    // %AsyncFunction.prototype%：proto = Function.prototype，constructor = %AsyncFunction%。
+    let mut af_proto = Box::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, fn_proto_val));
+    let name_si = sf.intern("name").0;
+    let ctor_shape = sh.make_shape(af_ctor.shape_id(), name_si);
+    af_ctor.set_shape_id(ctor_shape);
+    let npos = af_ctor.push_prop(JsValue::perm_string(sf.string_ptr(sf.intern("AsyncFunction").0)));
+    af_ctor.set_data_meta(npos, PropAttributes::new(false, false, true));
+    let proto_si = sf.intern("prototype").0;
+    let ctor_shape2 = sh.make_shape(af_ctor.shape_id(), proto_si);
+    af_ctor.set_shape_id(ctor_shape2);
+    let ppos = af_ctor.push_prop(JsValue::from_js_object(af_proto.as_mut() as *mut JsObject));
+    af_ctor.set_data_meta(ppos, PropAttributes::new(false, false, false));
+    // af_proto.constructor = %AsyncFunction%（构造器对象泄漏持有，与 builtin 方法 wrapper 同生命周期）。
+    let ctor_si = sf.intern("constructor").0;
+    let pshape = sh.make_shape(af_proto.shape_id(), ctor_si);
+    af_proto.set_shape_id(pshape);
+    let cpos = af_proto.push_prop(JsValue::from_js_object(Box::into_raw(af_ctor)));
+    af_proto.set_data_meta(cpos, PropAttributes::new(false, false, true));
+    // af_proto[Symbol.toStringTag] = "AsyncFunction"（数据属性，w/e/c = false/false/true）。
+    let tag_si = sf.intern("@@toStringTag").0;
+    let tag_shape = sh.make_shape(af_proto.shape_id(), tag_si);
+    af_proto.set_shape_id(tag_shape);
+    let tag_pos = af_proto.push_prop(JsValue::perm_string(sf.string_ptr(sf.intern("AsyncFunction").0)));
+    af_proto.set_data_meta(tag_pos, PropAttributes::new(false, false, true));
+
+    vm.async_function_proto = P::new(*af_proto);
+}
+
+/// `%AsyncFunction%` 占位：动态异步函数创建未实现，调用抛错。
+fn async_function_stub(vm: &mut Vm, _args: &[u8]) -> NativeResult {
+    NativeResult::Err(oxide_builtins::error::create_type_error(
+        vm,
+        "AsyncFunction constructor is not supported",
+    ))
+}
+
+// ── session GC 支撑：状态快照中的 JsValues 作为异步上下文对象边追踪 ──
+
+fn async_state_mut(obj: &JsObject) -> Option<&mut AsyncState> {
+    let ptr = obj.native_data() as *mut AsyncState;
+    if ptr.is_null() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        // SAFETY: native_data 在 create_async_context 中由 Box::into_raw 分配，
+        // 生命周期与异步上下文对象一致；GC 只在 reset（无执行状态）时运行。
+        Some(unsafe { &mut *ptr })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 异步状态内所有对象引用的扁平列表（GC mark 边）。
+pub(crate) fn async_native_edges(obj: &JsObject) -> Vec<JsValue> {
+    let Some(state) = async_state_mut(obj) else {
+        return Vec::new();
+    };
+    let mut edges = Vec::new();
+    let push = |v: JsValue, edges: &mut Vec<JsValue>| {
+        if v.is_object() {
+            edges.push(v);
+        }
+    };
+    push(state.callee, &mut edges);
+    edges.extend(state.args.iter().copied().filter(|v| v.is_object()));
+    push(state.result, &mut edges);
+    push(state.promise, &mut edges);
+    push(state.resolve, &mut edges);
+    push(state.reject, &mut edges);
+    edges.extend(state.regs.iter().copied().filter(|v| v.is_object()));
+    if let Some(frame) = &state.frame {
+        push(frame.saved_this, &mut edges);
+        push(frame.saved_new_target, &mut edges);
+        push(frame.callee, &mut edges);
+        if let Some(ct) = frame.constructed_this {
+            push(ct, &mut edges);
+        }
+    }
+    edges.extend(state.spill_stack.iter().copied().filter(|v| v.is_object()));
+    edges.extend(state.save_stack.iter().copied().filter(|v| v.is_object()));
+    for cells in &state.cell_stack {
+        for &cell_ptr in cells {
+            if cell_ptr.is_null() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // SAFETY: cell 由 session_epoch 分配，本 session 内指针有效。
+            let cell = unsafe { &*cell_ptr };
+            push(cell.value, &mut edges);
+        }
+    }
+    edges.extend(state.for_of_iters.iter().copied().filter(|v| v.is_object()));
+    push(state.last_for_of_result, &mut edges);
+    edges
+}
+
+/// 用转发函数重写状态快照中的所有 JsValue（session GC 移动式清扫 / promote 用）。
+pub(crate) fn rewrite_async_native(obj: &JsObject, mut rewrite: impl FnMut(JsValue) -> JsValue) {
+    let Some(state) = async_state_mut(obj) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    state.callee = rewrite(state.callee);
+    for v in &mut state.args {
+        *v = rewrite(*v);
+    }
+    state.result = rewrite(state.result);
+    state.promise = rewrite(state.promise);
+    state.resolve = rewrite(state.resolve);
+    state.reject = rewrite(state.reject);
+    for v in state.regs.iter_mut() {
+        *v = rewrite(*v);
+    }
+    if let Some(frame) = &mut state.frame {
+        frame.saved_this = rewrite(frame.saved_this);
+        frame.saved_new_target = rewrite(frame.saved_new_target);
+        frame.callee = rewrite(frame.callee);
+        frame.constructed_this = frame.constructed_this.map(&mut rewrite);
+    }
+    for v in &mut state.spill_stack {
+        *v = rewrite(*v);
+    }
+    for v in &mut state.save_stack {
+        *v = rewrite(*v);
+    }
+    for cells in &mut state.cell_stack {
+        for &mut cell_ptr in cells.iter_mut() {
+            if cell_ptr.is_null() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // SAFETY: cell 由 session_epoch 分配，本 session 内指针有效。
+            let cell = unsafe { &mut *cell_ptr };
+            cell.value = rewrite(cell.value);
+        }
+    }
+    for v in &mut state.for_of_iters {
+        *v = rewrite(*v);
+    }
+    state.last_for_of_result = rewrite(state.last_for_of_result);
+}
+
+/// 深拷贝状态盒到新对象（promote / sweep 用）：新对象持独立 Box，源盒可安全释放。
+pub(crate) fn clone_async_native_with_rewrite(
+    old: &JsObject, new: &mut JsObject, mut rewrite: impl FnMut(JsValue) -> JsValue,
+) {
+    let Some(state) = async_state_mut(old) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let cloned = AsyncState {
+        phase: state.phase,
+        callee: rewrite(state.callee),
+        args: state.args.iter().copied().map(&mut rewrite).collect(),
+        this_value: state.this_value,
+        result: rewrite(state.result),
+        promise: rewrite(state.promise),
+        resolve: rewrite(state.resolve),
+        reject: rewrite(state.reject),
+        regs: Box::new({
+            let mut regs = [JsValue::undefined(); 256];
+            for (i, v) in state.regs.iter().enumerate() {
+                regs[i] = rewrite(*v);
+            }
+            regs
+        }),
+        pc: state.pc,
+        bytecode: state.bytecode.clone(),
+        sub_idx: state.sub_idx,
+        active_reg_limit: state.active_reg_limit,
+        root_reg_limit: state.root_reg_limit,
+        frame: state.frame.as_ref().map(|f| CallFrame {
+            return_addr: f.return_addr,
+            function_name: f.function_name,
+            caller_reg_limit: f.caller_reg_limit,
+            saved_reg_offset: f.saved_reg_offset,
+            spill_offset: f.spill_offset,
+            arguments_base: f.arguments_base,
+            arguments_count: f.arguments_count,
+            saved_this: rewrite(f.saved_this),
+            saved_new_target: rewrite(f.saved_new_target),
+            callee: rewrite(f.callee),
+            construct_result_reg: f.construct_result_reg,
+            constructed_this: f.constructed_this.map(&mut rewrite),
+            is_derived_constructor: f.is_derived_constructor,
+            continuation: f.continuation,
+        }),
+        spill_stack: state.spill_stack.iter().copied().map(&mut rewrite).collect(),
+        save_stack: state.save_stack.iter().copied().map(&mut rewrite).collect(),
+        cell_stack: state.cell_stack.clone(),
+        try_stack: state.try_stack.clone(),
+        for_in_iters: state.for_in_iters.clone(),
+        for_of_iters: state.for_of_iters.iter().copied().map(&mut rewrite).collect(),
+        last_for_of_result: rewrite(state.last_for_of_result),
+        saved_bytecode_stack: state.saved_bytecode_stack.clone(),
+        saved_immutables_stack: state.saved_immutables_stack.clone(),
+        exception_value: state.exception_value.map(&mut rewrite),
+        pending_exception: state.pending_exception.map(&mut rewrite),
+        pending_error_kind: state.pending_error_kind,
+        pending_completion: state.pending_completion,
+    };
+    new.set_native_data(Box::into_raw(Box::new(cloned)) as *mut u8);
+}
+
+/// 释放异步状态盒（对象被 GC 回收时），返回释放字节数。
+pub(crate) fn drop_async_native(obj: &JsObject) -> u64 {
+    if !obj.is_async_obj() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    let ptr = obj.native_data() as *mut AsyncState;
+    if ptr.is_null() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // SAFETY: 指针来自 create_async_context 的 Box::into_raw，只在 GC 回收时释放一次。
+    let state = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };
+    std::mem::size_of::<AsyncState>() as u64
+        + state.bytecode.len() as u64 * std::mem::size_of::<u32>() as u64
+        + state.spill_stack.capacity() as u64 * std::mem::size_of::<JsValue>() as u64
+        + state.save_stack.capacity() as u64 * std::mem::size_of::<JsValue>() as u64
+        + state.args.capacity() as u64 * std::mem::size_of::<JsValue>() as u64
+}
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs
index 722c16d4..f19c30dc 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs
@@ -748,6 +748,12 @@ impl Vm {
                             self.regs[0] = gen;
                             return Ok(false);
                         }
+                        // 异步函数调用返回 capability promise，立即同步执行 body 到首个 await。
+                        if sub_idx < self.sub_modules.len() && self.sub_modules[sub_idx].is_async {
+                            let promise = self.create_async_object(callee, this_value, &args)?;
+                            self.regs[0] = promise;
+                            return Ok(false);
+                        }
                         self.push_bytecode_frame(
                             callee,
                             this_value,
@@ -840,6 +846,12 @@ impl Vm {
             {
                 return self.raise_type_error("g is not a constructor").map(|_| true);
             }
+            // 异步函数不是构造器：`new f()` 抛 TypeError。
+            if (ctor_obj.sub_module_index() as usize) < self.sub_modules.len()
+                && self.sub_modules[ctor_obj.sub_module_index() as usize].is_async
+            {
+                return self.raise_type_error("g is not a constructor").map(|_| true);
+            }
             if self.frames.len() >= self.kernel_core.config.max_call_depth {
                 return Err(self.error_message_text("RangeError", "Maximum call stack size exceeded"));
             }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/lib.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/lib.rs
index 7a1a2f19..8cb894d2 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 /// 内置对象绑定模块：向 session 的 global 对象安装 Object/Array/... 及各原型。
 pub mod bindings;
+mod async_func;
 mod dispatch;
 mod generator;
 mod ic_helper;
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/promise.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/promise.rs
index 4f63457f..b7841b34 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/promise.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/promise.rs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl Vm {
 
     /// 新建 Promise 能力 `(promise, resolve, reject)`：resolve/reject 为携带
     /// 目标 promise 的 native 闭包，同时写入状态盒供 thenable 委托取用。
-    fn new_promise_capability(&mut self) -> (JsValue, JsValue, JsValue) {
+    pub(crate) fn new_promise_capability(&mut self) -> (JsValue, JsValue, JsValue) {
         let promise = self.create_promise_object();
         let resolve = self.make_resolve_reject_fn(promise, false);
         let reject = self.make_resolve_reject_fn(promise, true);
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ impl Vm {
     }
 
     /// 是否原生 Promise 对象。
-    fn is_promise_value(&self, v: JsValue) -> bool {
+    pub(crate) fn is_promise_value(&self, v: JsValue) -> bool {
         v.is_object() && {
             let ptr = v.as_js_object_ptr();
             !ptr.is_null() && unsafe { &*ptr }.is_promise_obj()
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ impl Vm {
     }
 
     /// `PerformPromiseThen` 核心：注册 fulfill/reject 两条反应；已 settle 则直接入队。
-    fn perform_promise_then(
+    pub(crate) fn perform_promise_then(
         &mut self, this_val: JsValue, on_fulfilled: JsValue, on_rejected: JsValue,
     ) -> Result<JsValue, JsValue> {
         if !self.is_promise_value(this_val) {
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ impl Vm {
 
     /// 给 native 函数对象补 `length`/`name` 数据属性（length 先于 name，符合
     /// CreateBuiltinFunction 属性顺序）。
-    fn add_fn_name_length(&mut self, obj: &mut JsObject, name: &str, length: u8) {
+    pub(crate) fn add_fn_name_length(&mut self, obj: &mut JsObject, name: &str, length: u8) {
         let attrs = PropAttributes::new(false, false, true);
         let sh = self.kernel_core.shape_forge().as_ref();
         let sf = self.kernel_core.perm_interner().as_ref();
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_arena.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_arena.rs
index 3243d455..5f58ca16 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_arena.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_arena.rs
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ impl Vm {
             crate::promise::clone_promise_native_with_rewrite(src_ref, dst_ref, |value| {
                 self.promote_value_if_epoch_object(value, forwarding)
             });
+        } else if src_ref.is_async_obj() {
+            // 异步状态盒深拷贝到新对象：源盒随 epoch 释放，互不共享。
+            crate::async_func::clone_async_native_with_rewrite(src_ref, dst_ref, |value| {
+                self.promote_value_if_epoch_object(value, forwarding)
+            });
         }
         dst
     }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_gc.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_gc.rs
index bcafc09f..9307bf3f 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_gc.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/session_gc.rs
@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ impl SessionGc {
         if obj.is_promise_obj() {
             edges.extend(crate::promise::promise_native_edges(obj));
         }
+        if obj.is_async_obj() {
+            edges.extend(crate::async_func::async_native_edges(obj));
+        }
         // 遍历 upvalue cell 中的对象引用。
         for cell_ptr in obj.upvalues_slice() {
             if cell_ptr.is_null() {
@@ -164,6 +167,13 @@ impl SessionGc {
                 }
             }
         }
+        if obj.is_async_obj() {
+            for value in crate::async_func::async_native_edges(obj) {
+                if value.is_string() {
+                    live.insert(value.as_string_ptr_mut());
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn mark(&mut self, vm: &Vm) {
@@ -275,6 +285,7 @@ impl SessionGc {
             freed_bytes += data_view::drop_data_view_native(obj);
             freed_bytes += crate::generator::drop_generator_native(obj);
             freed_bytes += crate::promise::drop_promise_native(obj);
+            freed_bytes += crate::async_func::drop_async_native(obj);
 
             freed_bytes
         }
@@ -333,6 +344,8 @@ impl SessionGc {
                     data_view::clone_data_view_native_with_rewrite(old_ref, new_ref, |value| value);
                 } else if old_ref.is_promise_obj() {
                     crate::promise::clone_promise_native_with_rewrite(old_ref, new_ref, |value| value);
+                } else if old_ref.is_async_obj() {
+                    crate::async_func::clone_async_native_with_rewrite(old_ref, new_ref, |value| value);
                 }
                 forwarding.insert(old_ptr, new_ptr);
                 freed_bytes += Self::drop_session_object_heap_data(old_ptr);
@@ -366,6 +379,8 @@ impl SessionGc {
                 crate::generator::rewrite_generator_native(obj, |value| rewrite_forwarded_value(value, &forwarding));
             } else if obj.is_promise_obj() {
                 crate::promise::rewrite_promise_native(obj, |value| rewrite_forwarded_value(value, &forwarding));
+            } else if obj.is_async_obj() {
+                crate::async_func::rewrite_async_native(obj, |value| rewrite_forwarded_value(value, &forwarding));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs
index eef9ddc1..1cff42b6 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ pub struct ForInIter<'bump> {
 }
 
 /// try/catch/finally 处理记录，异常展开时用于定位跳转目标与清理范围。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct TryHandler {
     pub catch_pc: Option<usize>,
     pub finally_pc: Option<usize>,
@@ -249,6 +250,8 @@ pub struct Vm {
     pub promise_constructor: P<JsObject>,
     /// `%Promise.prototype%`：Promise 实例的原型（then/catch/finally 方法挂此）。
     pub promise_proto: P<JsObject>,
+    /// `%AsyncFunction.prototype%`：异步函数对象的原型（`constructor` 指向 `%AsyncFunction%`）。
+    pub async_function_proto: P<JsObject>,
     /// 微任务队列（Promise reactions / thenable 委托），`run()` 末尾 FIFO drain。
     pub(crate) job_queue: VecDeque<crate::promise::Microtask>,
     pub math_rng_state: u64,
@@ -302,6 +305,15 @@ pub struct Vm {
     pub(crate) generator_init_step: bool,
     /// 参数初始化步中已越过 body 起点标记的信号（`initialize_generator` 消费后复位）。
     pub(crate) generator_body_started: bool,
+    /// 当前正在执行的异步函数上下文对象（`OBJ_TYPE_ASYNC`，持有 AsyncState 快照）。
+    /// AWAIT dispatch 据此登记恢复反应；跨嵌套 async 调用保存/恢复。
+    pub(crate) async_context: Option<JsValue>,
+    /// 异步体 `dispatch()` 让出时的信号：AWAIT 置 true，恢复方（async 内嵌 dispatch
+    /// 循环）取走并快照挂起状态。false = 正常返回/异常。
+    pub(crate) async_suspended: bool,
+    /// 当前是否处于异步函数内嵌 dispatch 循环：异步帧弹出且 frames 清空时，
+    /// `do_return` 据此把结果交付给恢复方（与 generator_dispatch 同语义）。
+    pub(crate) async_dispatch: bool,
     /// 分组保存 session arena / GC 簿记状态。
     pub(crate) gc_state: GcState,
     /// 分组保存 `Symbol` intern 状态。
@@ -1551,6 +1563,13 @@ impl Vm {
                     }
                 }
 
+                OpCode::AWAIT => {
+                    // 异步帧挂起：登记恢复反应后内嵌 dispatch 返回，恢复方快照挂起状态。
+                    self.dispatch_await(rd)?;
+                    self.profiling.set_instruction_count(steps);
+                    return Ok(JsValue::undefined());
+                }
+
                 _ => {
                     return Err(format!("opcode {op} not yet implemented"));
                 }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_ctrl.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_ctrl.rs
index e9ac4850..810f27e3 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_ctrl.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_ctrl.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,12 @@ impl Vm {
                             self.regs[0] = gen;
                             return Ok(false);
                         }
+                        // 异步函数调用返回 capability promise，立即同步执行 body 到首个 await。
+                        if sub_idx < self.sub_modules.len() && self.sub_modules[sub_idx].is_async {
+                            let promise = self.create_async_object(callee, self.regs[this_reg as usize], &args)?;
+                            self.regs[0] = promise;
+                            return Ok(false);
+                        }
                         self.push_bytecode_frame(
                             callee,
                             self.regs[this_reg as usize],
@@ -327,8 +333,8 @@ impl Vm {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            // 生成器内嵌 dispatch：帧全部弹出后把结果交付恢复方，而非继续执行。
-            if self.frames.is_empty() && self.generator_dispatch {
+            // 生成器/异步内嵌 dispatch：帧全部弹出后把结果交付恢复方，而非继续执行。
+            if self.frames.is_empty() && (self.generator_dispatch || self.async_dispatch) {
                 return Ok(Some(result));
             }
             Ok(None)
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs
index 08f701ad..fd36223b 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs
@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ impl Vm {
             if self.sub_modules[sub_idx].is_generator {
                 return self.raise_type_error("g is not a constructor").map(|_| true);
             }
+            // 异步函数不是构造器：`new f()` 抛 TypeError。
+            if self.sub_modules[sub_idx].is_async {
+                return self.raise_type_error("g is not a constructor").map(|_| true);
+            }
 
             if self.frames.len() >= self.kernel_core.config.max_call_depth {
                 return Err(self.error_message_text("RangeError", "Maximum call stack size exceeded"));
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs
index bf493bca..1d02e043 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs
@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ impl Vm {
         if self.sub_modules[sub_idx].is_generator {
             return self.create_generator_object(callee, receiver, args);
         }
+        // 异步函数调用返回 capability promise，立即同步执行 body 到首个 await。
+        if self.sub_modules[sub_idx].is_async {
+            return self.create_async_object(callee, receiver, args);
+        }
         self.native_call_depth += 1;
 
         let subs = Arc::clone(&self.sub_modules);
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs
index d7402fa7..15245538 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ impl Vm {
             generator_function_proto: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
             promise_constructor: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
             promise_proto: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
+            async_function_proto: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
             job_queue: VecDeque::new(),
             math_rng_state: 0,
             sub_modules: Arc::new(Vec::new()),
@@ -62,6 +63,9 @@ impl Vm {
             generator_dispatch: false,
             generator_init_step: false,
             generator_body_started: false,
+            async_context: None,
+            async_suspended: false,
+            async_dispatch: false,
             gc_state: GcState {
                 session_epoch: bumpalo::Bump::new(),
                 session_gc: crate::session_gc::SessionGc::new(),
@@ -91,6 +95,7 @@ impl Vm {
         };
         vm.init_generator_intrinsics();
         vm.init_promise_intrinsics();
+        vm.init_async_intrinsics();
         // Promise 全局绑定发生在快照采集之后，重录快照避免首次 full_reset 误判脏。
         vm.session.record_snapshot();
         vm_info!("Vm created");
@@ -117,6 +122,7 @@ impl Vm {
             generator_function_proto: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
             promise_constructor: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
             promise_proto: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
+            async_function_proto: P::new(JsObject::new_empty(EMPTY_SHAPE_ID, JsValue::null())),
             job_queue: VecDeque::new(),
             math_rng_state: 0,
             sub_modules: Arc::new(Vec::new()),
@@ -142,6 +148,9 @@ impl Vm {
             generator_dispatch: false,
             generator_init_step: false,
             generator_body_started: false,
+            async_context: None,
+            async_suspended: false,
+            async_dispatch: false,
             gc_state: GcState {
                 session_epoch: bumpalo::Bump::new(),
                 session_gc: crate::session_gc::SessionGc::new(),
@@ -171,6 +180,7 @@ impl Vm {
         };
         vm.init_generator_intrinsics();
         vm.init_promise_intrinsics();
+        vm.init_async_intrinsics();
         // Promise 全局绑定发生在快照采集之后，重录快照避免首次 full_reset 误判脏。
         vm.session.record_snapshot();
         vm_info!("Vm created (pool)");
@@ -185,6 +195,13 @@ impl Vm {
         crate::generator::init_generator_intrinsics(self);
     }
 
+    /// 初始化/重建异步函数内建对象（`%AsyncFunction.prototype%`）。
+    ///
+    /// 在 VM 创建与 `full_reset`（session 重建）后调用。
+    pub(crate) fn init_async_intrinsics(&mut self) {
+        crate::async_func::init_async_intrinsics(self);
+    }
+
     /// 全量隔离重置：仅重建被污染的内置对象与 global，并清空所有执行状态与内存。
     ///
     /// 用于在多次 JS 执行之间达到完全隔离：session 内未被污染的 builtin 保留原指针。
@@ -201,6 +218,7 @@ impl Vm {
         self.object_prototype = P::clone(&self.session.builtin_world().object_proto);
         self.init_generator_intrinsics();
         self.init_promise_intrinsics();
+        self.init_async_intrinsics();
         // 快照须在 Promise 全局绑定之后采集：绑定会修改 global 世代。
         self.session.record_snapshot();
         self.clear_full_reset_state();
@@ -215,6 +233,7 @@ impl Vm {
         self.object_prototype = P::clone(&self.session.builtin_world().object_proto);
         self.init_generator_intrinsics();
         self.init_promise_intrinsics();
+        self.init_async_intrinsics();
         self.session.record_snapshot();
         self.clear_full_reset_state();
     }
@@ -274,6 +293,9 @@ impl Vm {
         self.generator_dispatch = false;
         self.generator_init_step = false;
         self.generator_body_started = false;
+        self.async_context = None;
+        self.async_suspended = false;
+        self.async_dispatch = false;
         self.native_call_depth = 0;
         // 微任务队列是执行期状态：跨 run 不保留。
         self.job_queue.clear();
@@ -343,8 +365,11 @@ impl Vm {
         // 生成器函数对象：原型为 %GeneratorFunction.prototype%（constructor 链解析到
         // "GeneratorFunction"），且不像普通函数那样拥有 `prototype` 属性。
         let is_generator = self.sub_modules.get(sub_idx as usize).map(|m| m.is_generator).unwrap_or(false);
+        let is_async = self.sub_modules.get(sub_idx as usize).map(|m| m.is_async).unwrap_or(false);
         let proto_val = if is_generator {
             JsValue::from_js_object(self.generator_function_proto.as_ptr() as *mut JsObject)
+        } else if is_async {
+            JsValue::from_js_object(self.async_function_proto.as_ptr() as *mut JsObject)
         } else {
             JsValue::from_js_object(self.session.builtin_world().function_proto.as_ptr() as *mut JsObject)
         };
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/tests/async_tests.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/async_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f3b2008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/async_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+//! async/await 运行时测试：异步函数调用返回 promise、await 恢复、reject 进 catch、
+//! 多 await 顺序、嵌套 async、微任务执行序。
+
+use oxide_compiler::compiler::Compiler;
+use oxide_parser::Allocator;
+use oxide_vm::promise::promise_settled_value;
+use oxide_vm::vm::Vm;
+
+/// 执行源码并格式化顶层结果；Promise 结果取其 drain 后的 settled 值。
+fn eval(source: &str) -> String {
+    let allocator = Allocator::default();
+    let program = match oxide_parser::parse(&allocator, source) {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => return format!("parse error: {}", e[0].message),
+    };
+    let module = match Compiler::new().compile(&program) {
+        Ok(m) => m,
+        Err(e) => return format!("compile error: {e}"),
+    };
+    let mut vm = Vm::new();
+    match vm.run(&module) {
+        Ok(result) => format_value(&vm, result),
+        Err(e) => format!("vm error: {e}"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn format_value(vm: &Vm, val: oxide_vm::JsValue) -> String {
+    if val.is_string() {
+        format!("\"{}\"", vm.lookup_str(val).unwrap_or_default())
+    } else if val.is_object() {
+        let obj = unsafe { &*val.as_js_object_ptr() };
+        if obj.is_promise_obj() {
+            match promise_settled_value(obj) {
+                Some((true, v)) => format_value(vm, v),
+                Some((false, v)) => format!("<rejected {}>", format_value(vm, v)),
+                None => "<pending>".to_string(),
+            }
+        } else if obj.is_array() {
+            format!("[array]")
+        } else {
+            "[object]".to_string()
+        }
+    } else {
+        format!("{val}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_returns_immediate_value() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function f(){ return 42 } f()"), "42");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_await_primitive() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function f(){ var v = await 10; return v*2 } f()"), "20");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_await_resolved_promise() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function f(){ var v = await Promise.resolve(5); return v+1 } f()"), "6");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_await_reject_into_catch() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        eval("async function f(){ try { await Promise.reject('e') } catch(e) { return 'caught:'+e } } f()"),
+        "\"caught:e\""
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_multiple_awaits_in_order() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function f(){ var x = await 1; x += await 2; return x } f()"), "3");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_await_return_promise() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function f(){ return await Promise.resolve(7) } f()"), "7");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_nested_calls() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function g(){ return 2 } async function f(){ return await g() + 3 } f()"), "5");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_arrow_in_then() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("Promise.resolve().then(async ()=>{ return 9 }).then(v=>v)"), "9");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_execution_order_suspends_immediately() {
+    // await 挂起 body；当前同步代码先跑完，body 恢复在微任务 drain 阶段。
+    assert_eq!(
+        eval("var order=[]; async function f(){ order.push(1); await 0; order.push(2) } f(); order.push(0); Promise.resolve().then(function(){ return order.join(',') })"),
+        "\"1,0,2\""
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_throw_rejects_promise() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function f(){ throw 'boom' } f()"), "<rejected \"boom\">");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_is_not_constructor() {
+    assert!(eval("new (async function(){})").starts_with("vm error") || eval("new (async function(){})").contains("not a constructor"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_constructor_name() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("async function f(){}; f.constructor.name"), "\"AsyncFunction\"");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn async_class_method() {
+    assert_eq!(eval("class A { async m(){ return await 7 } } new A().m()"), "7");
+}