diff --git a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
index 3b86e666..ac1879ee 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
@@ -376,9 +376,10 @@ define_opcodes! {
     LOAD_CONST = 0x32 => "LOAD_CONST",
         def = Some(SlotSpec::Slot(Slot::Rd)), uses = [],
         pure = true, jump = false, term = false, ic = false,
-    // 未声明标识符读：rd=目标，a/b=常量池 key 下标（imm16，与 LOAD_CONST 同构），
-    // 运行期查 global object 属性存在性，缺失抛 ReferenceError（热路径零开销：
-    // 已声明/内置标识符仍走 LOAD_VAR，本指令只命中真正未声明的读）。
+    // 未声明/已删标识符读：rd=目标，a/b=常量池 key 下标（imm16，与 LOAD_CONST 同构），
+    // 运行期查 global object 属性存在性，缺失抛 ReferenceError（未声明名与已知 builtin
+    // 名非局部遮蔽读均命中本指令：delete 后 A 侧缺失须经属性在位判定，镜像槽无法
+    // 自区分缺位与在位 undefined）。
     LOAD_GLOBAL = 0x95 => "LOAD_GLOBAL",
         def = Some(SlotSpec::Slot(Slot::Rd)), uses = [],
         pure = false, jump = false, term = false, ic = false,
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/errors.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/errors.rs
index 4c08e736..6219ba1e 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/errors.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/errors.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ impl Emitter {
     /// # 边界与前提
     /// - `kind` 必须是已注册的全局构造器名（如 "ReferenceError"/"TypeError"）。
     pub(crate) fn emit_throw_error(&self, kind: &str, msg: &str, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<u32, String> {
-        let ctor_reg = ctx.lookup_or_builtin(kind)?;
+        // 构造器读 A 侧全局对象属性（冷路径，与已知 builtin 名读路由同形）：
+        // delete 构造器后缺失抛 ReferenceError，与 V8 同形。仅留登记副作用。
+        let _ = ctx.lookup_or_builtin(kind)?;
         let ctor = ctx.alloc_reg();
-        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(ctor), Operand::Reg(ctor_reg), Operand::None));
+        let key_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::String(kind.to_string()));
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_GLOBAL, Operand::Reg(ctor), Operand::Const(key_idx), Operand::None));
         let msg_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
         let msg_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::String(msg.to_string()));
         ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(msg_reg), msg_idx));
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/identifier.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/identifier.rs
index a474bce6..5c338baf 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/identifier.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/identifier.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,13 @@ impl Emitter {
         // 隐式全局槽（读侧登记与写侧登记同属一个槽）同样读全局对象属性：属性是
         // 隐式全局值的唯一真源，嵌套函数内 delete 真删后外层裸读据此可见，引擎侧
         // 镜像槽不反映删除。
-        if self.is_global_tier_name(ctx, name) || ctx.is_implicit_global_reg(var_reg) {
+        // 已知 builtin 名（非局部遮蔽）同走全局对象属性：镜像槽无法自区分「A 侧
+        // 缺位」与「A 侧在位值 undefined」（两者槽值皆 undefined），delete 真删后
+        // 裸读须经属性在位判定抛 ReferenceError。
+        if self.is_global_tier_name(ctx, name)
+            || ctx.is_implicit_global_reg(var_reg)
+            || (ctx.is_builtin(name) && !ctx.is_local_shadowing_builtin(name))
+        {
             let key_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::String(name.to_string()));
             ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_GLOBAL, Operand::Reg(r), Operand::Const(key_idx), Operand::None));
         } else {
@@ -145,7 +151,19 @@ impl Emitter {
                 Operand::None,
             ));
         } else if let Some(reg) = ctx.scopes.symbols.lookup_any(name) {
-            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg), Operand::Reg(reg), Operand::None));
+            // 已知 builtin 名（非局部遮蔽）读 A 侧全局对象属性，与静态读臂同形；
+            // 局部遮蔽绑定保持 LOAD_VAR 读局部槽。
+            if ctx.is_builtin(name) && !ctx.is_local_shadowing_builtin(name) {
+                let key_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::String(name.to_string()));
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(
+                    OpCode::LOAD_GLOBAL,
+                    Operand::Reg(result_reg),
+                    Operand::Const(key_idx),
+                    Operand::None,
+                ));
+            } else {
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg), Operand::Reg(reg), Operand::None));
+            }
         } else {
             let undef_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
             ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(result_reg), undef_idx));
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/operator/mod.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/operator/mod.rs
index 32b08668..56329b3c 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/operator/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/expr/operator/mod.rs
@@ -372,7 +372,10 @@ impl Emitter {
             // ReferenceError（typeof 对 unresolvable 引用不抛）。
             let implicit_global = binding.is_some_and(|(b, _)| ctx.is_implicit_global_reg(b.reg));
             let is_tier = self.is_global_tier_name(ctx, name);
-            if !in_with_dynamic && !captured && (is_tier || binding.is_none() || implicit_global) {
+            // 已知 builtin 名（非局部遮蔽）同走属性路：delete 真删后缺失 →
+            // "undefined" 而非经镜像槽读 undefined 同值巧合。
+            let is_builtin_slot = ctx.is_builtin(name) && !ctx.is_local_shadowing_builtin(name);
+            if !in_with_dynamic && !captured && (is_tier || binding.is_none() || implicit_global || is_builtin_slot) {
                 let key_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::String(name.to_string()));
                 let r = ctx.alloc_reg();
                 ctx.inst(Inst::new(
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_props.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_props.rs
index f082539a..6cbb3bde 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_props.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_props.rs
@@ -282,8 +282,9 @@ impl Vm {
     /// 缺位写 undefined。
     ///
     /// # 边界与前提
-    /// - 缺位臂语义为"写 undefined"，各入口（run / 帧 / inline / 恢复）统一，
-    ///   使成员形删除后的裸读与入口预载看到同一值。
+    /// - 缺位臂语义为"写 undefined"，各入口（run / 帧 / inline / 恢复）统一；
+    ///   裸读已路由 A 侧全局对象属性，槽为写侧/不变式维护（槽 = A 侧原始存储），
+    ///   不再被读消费。
     /// - `pack_end` 为 native pack 实参区上界（独占）：落 [0, pack_end) 的镜像
     ///   槽跳过，实参值只存在于寄存器、无刷新源，窗口拷回负责其还原。
     /// # 副作用
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/tests/delete_builtin_read_tests.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/delete_builtin_read_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e56a607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/delete_builtin_read_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+//! delete 已知 builtin 名后的读侧路由：裸读/typeof/调用/new/成员基/with 读/
+//! eval 读须经 A 侧全局对象属性在位判定。
+//!
+//! 镜像槽无法自区分「A 侧缺位」与「A 侧在位值 undefined」（两者槽值皆
+//! undefined），故 delete 真删后读缺位抛 ReferenceError、typeof 求值
+//! "undefined"；在位 undefined 不抛（判别钉 U1）。删除侧（裸名/成员形/
+//! with 形/Reflect）已收口，本面零改动，仅读路由。
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use oxide_bytecode::module::CompiledModule;
+use oxide_compiler::compiler::Compiler;
+use oxide_parser::Allocator;
+use oxide_types::value::JsValue;
+use oxide_vm::vm::Vm;
+
+fn compile_module(source: &str) -> Arc<CompiledModule> {
+    let allocator = Allocator::default();
+    let program = oxide_parser::parse(&allocator, source).expect("parse");
+    Arc::new(Compiler::new().compile(&program).expect("compile"))
+}
+
+fn eval_js(source: &str) -> Result<(Vm, JsValue), String> {
+    let allocator = Allocator::default();
+    let program = oxide_parser::parse(&allocator, source).map_err(|e| format!("parse: {e:?}"))?;
+    let module = Arc::new(Compiler::new().compile(&program).map_err(|e| format!("compile: {e}"))?);
+    let mut vm = Vm::new();
+    let val = vm.run(&module)?;
+    Ok((vm, val))
+}
+
+fn eval_str(source: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let (vm, val) = eval_js(source)?;
+    Ok(vm.lookup_str(val).unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{val:?}")))
+}
+
+fn eval_truthy(source: &str) {
+    let (_vm, val) = eval_js(source).expect("run");
+    assert!(val.is_bool() && val.as_bool(), "expected true, got: {val:?}\nsource: {source}");
+}
+
+/// 删后读抛 ReferenceError 钉：运行期错误文本须含种类与名字。
+fn expect_re(source: &str, name: &str) {
+    let err = match eval_js(source) {
+        Err(e) => e,
+        Ok(_) => panic!("expected ReferenceError, got ok: {source}"),
+    };
+    let lower = err.to_lowercase();
+    assert!(lower.contains("referenceerror"), "expected ReferenceError, got: {err}\nsource: {source}");
+    assert!(lower.contains(name), "expected name in message, got: {err}\nsource: {source}");
+}
+
+// ── 红族：删后读抛 ReferenceError（修前全部回 undefined/TypeError 种类错）──
+
+// 主形态：顶层 delete 后裸读。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_bare_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; Array", "array");
+}
+
+// 帧读面：删后嵌套函数读外层 builtin 名。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_nested_fn_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; (function(){return Array})()", "array");
+}
+
+// 帧内删/外层读：delete 在帧内真删，外层裸读可见缺失。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_in_fn_outer_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("(function(){delete Array;return 1})(); Array", "array");
+}
+
+// eval 面：eval 程序读 A 侧缺失名。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_eval_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; eval(\"Array\")", "array");
+}
+
+// 种类面：删后调用应抛 ReferenceError 而非 TypeError（修前 CALL_NATIVE 种类错）。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_call_reference_error_not_type_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; Array()", "array");
+}
+
+// 种类面：删后构造同抛 ReferenceError（修前 NEW_EXPRESSION 种类错）。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_new_expression_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; new Array()", "array");
+}
+
+// 换名族：Promise 单名。
+#[test]
+fn delete_promise_bare_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Promise; Promise", "promise");
+}
+
+// 换名族：Math 成员基形态。
+#[test]
+fn delete_math_member_base_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Math; Math.max(1, 2)", "math");
+}
+
+// 换名族：Object 主形态。
+#[test]
+fn delete_object_bare_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Object; Object", "object");
+}
+
+// with 读面：with 对象有该属性命中对象读，缺失回退 A 侧。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_with_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; with(globalThis){Array}", "array");
+}
+
+// with 删面：with 对象属性经 DELETE_PROP_DYNAMIC 真删后外层读缺失。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_with_delete_then_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("with(globalThis){delete Array} Array", "array");
+}
+
+// Reflect 面：Reflect.deleteProperty 真删后裸读缺失。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_reflect_then_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("Reflect.deleteProperty(globalThis, \"Array\"); Array", "array");
+}
+
+// 重删后读：删→重写→再删，读仍缺失。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_rewrite_redelete_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; Array = 42; delete Array; Array", "array");
+}
+
+// 可选链面：?. 基引用解析抛 ReferenceError。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_optional_chain_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; Array?.length", "array");
+}
+
+// in LHS 面：in 操作数按引用解析抛 ReferenceError。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_in_lhs_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; Array in globalThis", "array");
+}
+
+// 比较操作数面：同根主形态的另一钉。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_comparison_operand_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("delete Array; Array === undefined", "array");
+}
+
+// 跨 run 面：同一 VM 两轮（run 入口重载镜像槽 + A 侧读），第二轮裸读缺失。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_across_runs_reference_error() {
+    let (mut vm, _first) = eval_js("delete Array").expect("first run should succeed");
+    let module = compile_module("Array");
+    let err = vm.run(&module).expect_err("expected ReferenceError");
+    assert!(err.to_lowercase().contains("referenceerror"), "expected ReferenceError, got: {err}");
+}
+
+// ── 绿族：修后须保真（17 钉）──
+
+// 严格模式 delete 标识符是早期错误（解析期，双侧同文）。
+#[test]
+fn strict_delete_unqualified_syntax_error() {
+    let allocator = Allocator::default();
+    let res = oxide_parser::parse(&allocator, "\"use strict\"; function f() { delete Array; }");
+    let err = res.expect_err("expected parse-time SyntaxError");
+    let text = format!("{err:?}").to_lowercase();
+    assert!(text.contains("strict"), "expected strict-mode syntax error, got: {err:?}");
+}
+
+// typeof 面：删后 typeof 求值 "undefined"（不抛）。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_typeof_undefined() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("delete Array; typeof Array").unwrap(), "undefined");
+}
+
+// typeof 帧面：删后嵌套函数内 typeof 同 "undefined"。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_nested_typeof_undefined() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("delete Array; (function(){return typeof Array})()").unwrap(), "undefined");
+}
+
+// in 面：in 走 A 侧，删后 false。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_in_global_this_false() {
+    eval_truthy("delete Array; !(\"Array\" in globalThis)");
+}
+
+// 二次 delete：属性缺失仍返 true。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_second_delete_true() {
+    eval_truthy("delete Array; delete Array");
+}
+
+// 反射面：globalThis.Array 成员读回 undefined。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_global_this_reflection_undefined() {
+    eval_truthy("delete Array; globalThis.Array === undefined");
+}
+
+// 删后重写：DEFINE 缺失分支新建 c:true 属性，裸读见新值。
+#[test]
+fn delete_array_rewrite_reads_new_value() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("delete Array; Array = 42; String(Array)").unwrap(), "42");
+}
+
+// 三常量 c:false：拒删且保值。
+#[test]
+fn delete_three_constants_refused_values_kept() {
+    eval_truthy(
+        "delete NaN === false && delete Infinity === false \
+         && String(NaN) === \"NaN\" && Number.isNaN(NaN) && !Number.isFinite(Infinity)",
+    );
+}
+
+// 顶层 var c:false：拒删保值。
+#[test]
+fn delete_top_level_var_refused_value_kept() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("var x = 1; delete x; String(x)").unwrap(), "1");
+}
+
+// 未声明名面（既有绿）：删后读抛 ReferenceError。
+#[test]
+fn delete_undeclared_name_bare_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_re("globalThis.y = 1; delete globalThis.y; y", "y");
+}
+
+// typeof 换名族：JSON 多名。
+#[test]
+fn delete_json_typeof_undefined() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("delete JSON; typeof JSON").unwrap(), "undefined");
+}
+
+// 遮蔽守卫：局部 var Array 遮蔽 builtin 槽，遮蔽读不受路由影响。
+#[test]
+fn local_var_shadow_array_read_value() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("function g(){var Array=1;return Array}; String(g())").unwrap(), "1");
+}
+
+// 遮蔽 typeof 守卫。
+#[test]
+fn local_var_shadow_array_typeof_number() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("function g(){var Array=1;return typeof Array}; g()").unwrap(), "number");
+}
+
+// globalThis c:true 族：typeof 预删前形态。
+#[test]
+fn global_this_typeof_object() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("typeof globalThis").unwrap(), "object");
+}
+
+// globalThis 真删返 true。
+#[test]
+fn delete_global_this_returns_true() {
+    eval_truthy("delete globalThis");
+}
+
+// globalThis 删后 typeof 求值 "undefined"。
+#[test]
+fn delete_global_this_typeof_undefined() {
+    assert_eq!(eval_str("delete globalThis; typeof globalThis").unwrap(), "undefined");
+}
+
+// 关键判别钉：在位 undefined 不抛（防「槽==undefined 即抛」误修）。
+#[test]
+fn builtin_assigned_undefined_bare_read_no_throw() {
+    eval_truthy("Array = undefined; Array === undefined");
+}
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_builtin_delete_tests.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_builtin_delete_tests.rs
index b1f5c3e0..0a3bf792 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_builtin_delete_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_builtin_delete_tests.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,19 @@ fn eval_truthy(source: &str) {
     assert!(result.is_bool() && result.as_bool(), "expected true, got: {result:?}\nsource: {source}");
 }
 
+/// 运行期应抛 ReferenceError 的钉：删后裸读经 A 侧属性在位判定抛缺位引用错误。
+fn expect_reference_error(source: &str) {
+    let allocator = Allocator::default();
+    let program = oxide_parser::parse(&allocator, source).expect("parse");
+    let module = Compiler::new().compile(&program).expect("compile");
+    let mut vm = Vm::new();
+    let err = vm.run(&Arc::new(module)).expect_err("expected ReferenceError");
+    assert!(
+        err.to_lowercase().contains("referenceerror"),
+        "expected ReferenceError, got: {err}\nsource: {source}"
+    );
+}
+
 // ── 删除返值与属性真删 ──
 #[test]
 fn delete_math_returns_true_and_property_removed() {
@@ -35,18 +48,15 @@ fn delete_writable_builtin_names() {
     }
 }
 
-// ── 镜像槽清：删除后裸读回 undefined ──
+// ── 删后读：A 侧缺失抛 ReferenceError（裸读路由全局对象属性）──
 #[test]
-fn delete_math_then_bare_read_via_mirror() {
-    eval_truthy("var m = Math; delete Math; Math === undefined");
+fn delete_math_then_bare_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_reference_error("var m = Math; delete Math; Math");
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn fn_body_delete_clears_frame_mirror() {
-    eval_truthy(
-        "function f() { var m = Math; delete Math; \
-         return Math === undefined && globalThis.Math === undefined; } f() === true",
-    );
+fn fn_body_delete_bare_read_reference_error() {
+    expect_reference_error("function f() { var m = Math; delete Math; return Math; } f()");
 }
 
 // ── 删后重写：两侧再同步 ──
@@ -75,9 +85,11 @@ fn delete_three_constants_refused_property_kept() {
 // ── globalThis c:true：真删且返 true，镜像槽清 ──
 #[test]
 fn delete_global_this_returns_true_and_property_removed() {
+    // 裸读 globalThis 删后抛 ReferenceError（见 delete_builtin_read_tests）；
+    // 此钉保删除返值与 A 侧成员反射。
     eval_truthy(
         "var g = globalThis; var d = delete globalThis; \
-         d === true && g.globalThis === undefined && globalThis === undefined",
+         d === true && g.globalThis === undefined",
     );
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_mirror_sync_tests.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_mirror_sync_tests.rs
index 740ff748..48bb1abd 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_mirror_sync_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/tests/global_mirror_sync_tests.rs
@@ -59,17 +59,19 @@ fn member_write_across_call() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn member_delete_across_call_bare_read_undefined() {
+fn member_delete_across_call_reflection_undefined() {
+    // 删后裸读经 A 侧抛 ReferenceError（见 delete_builtin_read_tests）；
+    // 此钉保成员删的 A 侧真删与保存引用判别。
     eval_truthy(
         "var m = Math; (function(){ delete globalThis.Math; })(); \
-         Math === undefined && Math !== m",
+         globalThis.Math === undefined && m !== undefined",
     );
 }
 
-// ── 成员删同 run：delete 成员形后裸读 undefined ──
+// ── 成员删同 run：delete 成员形后 A 侧反射 undefined ──
 #[test]
-fn member_delete_same_run_bare_read_undefined() {
-    eval_truthy("var m = Math; delete globalThis.Math; Math === undefined && Math !== m");
+fn member_delete_same_run_reflection_undefined() {
+    eval_truthy("var m = Math; delete globalThis.Math; globalThis.Math === undefined && m !== undefined");
 }
 
 // ── defineProperty 数据描述符形同收口 ──