refactor: 拆分 oxide_emit 为独立 emit pass crate（依赖倒置）

2026-10-25 03:01:12 +08:00 · 2026-08-05 20:13:18 +08:00
parent 4f670eb7fd
commit 7c8f19f61a
62 changed files with 1045 additions and 993 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_break_statement(
+        &self, stmt: &oxide_parser::BreakStatement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let break_label = if let Some(label) = &stmt.label {
+            let name = label.name.as_str();
+            let scope = ctx
+                .find_label(name)
+                .ok_or_else(|| format!("SyntaxError: Undefined label '{name}'"))?;
+            scope.break_label
+        } else if let Some(sw_label) = ctx.current_switch() {
+            *sw_label
+        } else {
+            let (bl, _) = ctx.current_loop().ok_or("break outside switch or loop".to_string())?;
+            *bl
+        };
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(break_label));
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_continue_statement(
+        &self, stmt: &oxide_parser::ContinueStatement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let continue_label = if let Some(label) = &stmt.label {
+            let name = label.name.as_str();
+            let scope = ctx
+                .find_label(name)
+                .ok_or_else(|| format!("SyntaxError: Undefined label '{name}'"))?;
+            scope.continue_label.ok_or_else(|| {
+                format!("SyntaxError: Illegal continue statement: '{name}' does not denote an iteration statement")
+            })?
+        } else {
+            let (_, cl) = ctx.current_loop().ok_or("continue outside loop".to_string())?;
+            *cl
+        };
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(continue_label));
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    fn emit_expression_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::ExpressionStatement(es) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        Ok(Some(self.emit_expression(&es.expression, ctx)?))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_basic_expression(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        self.emit_expression_statement(stmt, ctx)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    fn is_iteration_statement(stmt: &Statement) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            stmt,
+            Statement::WhileStatement(_)
+                | Statement::DoWhileStatement(_)
+                | Statement::ForStatement(_)
+                | Statement::ForInStatement(_)
+                | Statement::ForOfStatement(_)
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_labeled_statement(
+        &self, stmt: &oxide_parser::LabeledStatement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let name = stmt.label.name.as_str();
+        if Self::is_iteration_statement(&stmt.body) {
+            ctx.queue_loop_label(name)?;
+            self.emit_statement(&stmt.body, ctx)?;
+        } else {
+            let id = ctx.next_label_id();
+            ctx.push_label_scope(name, id, None)?;
+            self.emit_statement(&stmt.body, ctx)?;
+            ctx.labels.set_label_pos(id, ctx.insts.len());
+            ctx.pop_label_scope();
+        }
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+mod break_continue;
+mod expression;
+mod labeled;
+mod return_stmt;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_basic_domain(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::ExpressionStatement(_) => self.emit_basic_expression(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::ReturnStatement(_) => self.emit_basic_return(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::EmptyStatement(_) => Ok(None),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    fn emit_return_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::ReturnStatement(ret) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        match &ret.argument {
+            Some(expr) => {
+                let r = self.emit_expression(expr, ctx)?;
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::RETURN, Operand::Reg(r as u32), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+            }
+            None => {
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::RETURN, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_basic_return(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        self.emit_return_statement(stmt, ctx)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    fn emit_block_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::BlockStatement(block) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        ctx.push_scope();
+        let mut r = None;
+        for s in &block.body {
+            if let Some(rr) = self.emit_statement(s, ctx)? {
+                r = Some(rr);
+            }
+        }
+        ctx.pop_scope();
+        Ok(r)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_block_domain(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::BlockStatement(_) => self.emit_block_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::module::Constant;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    fn emit_if_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::IfStatement(ifs) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let else_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+
+        let test_reg = self.emit_expression(&ifs.test, ctx)?;
+
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_false(test_reg, else_label));
+
+        let cons_reg = self.emit_statement(&ifs.consequent, ctx)?;
+        let result_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        if let Some(r) = cons_reg {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(r as u32), Operand::None));
+        } else {
+            let undef_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
+            ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(result_reg as u32), undef_idx));
+        }
+
+        if ifs.alternate.is_some() {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(end_label));
+        }
+
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(else_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        if let Some(alt) = &ifs.alternate {
+            let alt_reg = self.emit_statement(alt, ctx)?;
+            if let Some(r) = alt_reg {
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(r as u32), Operand::None));
+            } else {
+                let undef_idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
+                ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(result_reg as u32), undef_idx));
+            }
+        }
+
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+
+        Ok(Some(result_reg))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_control_domain(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::IfStatement(_) => self.emit_if_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::{Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_class_declaration_statement(
+        &self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::ClassDeclaration(class) = stmt else {
+            return Err("ClassDeclaration without name".into());
+        };
+        let name = class
+            .id
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|id| id.name.to_string())
+            .ok_or_else(|| "ClassDeclaration without name".to_string())?;
+        let var_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.declare(&name, var_reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Let, false)?;
+        ctx.init_var(&name);
+        let ctor_reg = self.emit_class(class, ctx)?;
+        if let Some(&cell_idx) = ctx.captured_bindings.get(&name) {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::MAKE_CELL, Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::Imm(cell_idx as u16), Operand::None));
+        } else {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(ctor_reg as u32), Operand::None));
+        }
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter, ParamSpec};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_function_declaration_statement(
+        &self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::FunctionDeclaration(fd) = stmt else {
+            return Err("FunctionDeclaration without name".into());
+        };
+        let name = if let Some(id) = &fd.id {
+            id.name.to_string()
+        } else {
+            return Err("FunctionDeclaration without name".into());
+        };
+        let mut param_names = Vec::new();
+        for (idx, param) in fd.params.items.iter().enumerate() {
+            match &param.pattern {
+                oxide_parser::BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) => {
+                    param_names.push(ParamSpec::Identifier(bi.name.to_string()))
+                }
+                pattern => param_names.push(ParamSpec::Pattern {
+                    synthetic_name: format!("@@param_{idx}"),
+                    pattern,
+                }),
+            }
+        }
+        let body_stmts: &[Statement] = if let Some(body) = &fd.body { &body.statements } else { &[] };
+        let mut sub_module = self.compile_function_body(&param_names, body_stmts, ctx, false, false)?;
+        sub_module.function_name = Some(name.clone());
+        ctx.nested.push(sub_module);
+        let var_reg = ctx.lookup(&name)?;
+        ctx.reserve_reg(var_reg);
+        ctx.inst(Inst::create_closure(Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), ctx.nested.len() as u16));
+        if let Some(&cell_idx) = ctx.captured_bindings.get(&name) {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::MAKE_CELL, Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::Imm(cell_idx as u16), Operand::None));
+        } else {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::None));
+        }
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+mod class_decl;
+mod function_decl;
+mod var;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_declaration_domain(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::VariableDeclaration(_) => self.emit_variable_declaration_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::FunctionDeclaration(_) => self.emit_function_declaration_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::ClassDeclaration(_) => self.emit_class_declaration_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::module::Constant;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::{BindingPattern, Expression, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_variable_declaration_statement(
+        &self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::VariableDeclaration(decl) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let mut r = None;
+        for d in &decl.declarations {
+            let is_const = matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Const);
+            if is_const && d.init.is_none() {
+                return Err("const declaration must have an initializer".into());
+            }
+            if let Some(init) = &d.init {
+                let val_reg = self.emit_expression(init, ctx)?;
+                self.emit_binding_pattern(&d.id, val_reg, decl.kind, is_const, ctx)?;
+                if let BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id {
+                    if matches!(*init, Expression::ArrowFunctionExpression(_)) {
+                        if let Some(sub_mod) = ctx.nested.last_mut() {
+                            sub_mod.function_name = Some(bi.name.to_string());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                r = Some(val_reg);
+            } else {
+                let BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id else {
+                    return Err("destructuring declaration requires an initializer".into());
+                };
+                let idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
+                let tmp = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(tmp as u32), idx));
+                let var_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                let target_reg = if matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Var) {
+                    match ctx.declare(bi.name.as_str(), var_reg, decl.kind, is_const) {
+                        Ok(()) => var_reg,
+                        Err(_) => ctx.lookup(bi.name.as_str()).unwrap_or(var_reg),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    ctx.declare(bi.name.as_str(), var_reg, decl.kind, is_const)?;
+                    var_reg
+                };
+                if let Some(&cell_idx) = ctx.captured_bindings.get(bi.name.as_str()) {
+                    ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::MAKE_CELL, Operand::Reg(tmp as u32), Operand::Imm(cell_idx as u16), Operand::None));
+                } else {
+                    ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(target_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(tmp as u32), Operand::None));
+                }
+                ctx.init_var(bi.name.as_str());
+                r = Some(var_reg);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(r)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+mod throw;
+mod try_catch;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_exception_domain(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::ThrowStatement(_) => self.emit_throw_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::TryStatement(_) => self.emit_try_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_throw_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::ThrowStatement(ts) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let exc_reg = self.emit_expression(&ts.argument, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::THROW, Operand::Reg(exc_reg as u32), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::{Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_try_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::TryStatement(ts) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let catch_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let finally_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let try_end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let has_catch = ts.handler.is_some();
+        let has_finally = ts.finalizer.is_some();
+        let result_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        if has_finally {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::try_finally_begin(finally_label));
+        }
+        if has_catch {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::try_begin(catch_label));
+        }
+        let mut last_try_result: Option<u8> = None;
+        for s in &ts.block.body {
+            if let Some(r) = self.emit_statement(s, ctx)? {
+                last_try_result = Some(r);
+            }
+        }
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(last_try_result.unwrap_or(result_reg) as u32), Operand::None));
+        if has_catch {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::TRY_END, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        }
+        let jmp_needed = has_catch || has_finally;
+        if jmp_needed {
+            let target = if has_finally { finally_label } else { try_end_label };
+            ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(target));
+        }
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(catch_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        if let Some(catch) = &ts.handler {
+            ctx.push_scope();
+            if let Some(param) = &catch.param {
+                let catch_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                if let oxide_parser::BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &param.pattern {
+                    ctx.declare_initialized(bi.name.as_str(), catch_reg, VariableDeclarationKind::Let, false)?;
+                    ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(catch_reg as u32), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+                }
+            }
+            let mut last_catch_result: Option<u8> = None;
+            for s in &catch.body.body {
+                if let Some(r) = self.emit_statement(s, ctx)? {
+                    last_catch_result = Some(r);
+                }
+            }
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(last_catch_result.unwrap_or(result_reg) as u32), Operand::None));
+            ctx.pop_scope();
+        }
+        if has_finally {
+            ctx.labels.set_label_pos(finally_label, ctx.insts.len());
+            let mut last_finally_result: Option<u8> = None;
+            for s in &ts.finalizer.as_ref().unwrap().body {
+                if let Some(r) = self.emit_statement(s, ctx)? {
+                    last_finally_result = Some(r);
+                }
+            }
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::LOAD_VAR, Operand::Reg(result_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(last_finally_result.unwrap_or(result_reg) as u32), Operand::None));
+            ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::TRY_FINALLY_END, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        }
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(try_end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        Ok(Some(result_reg))
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_do_while_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::DoWhileStatement(dw) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let start_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(start_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.push_loop(end_label, start_label);
+        let n_labeled = ctx.take_pending_loop_labels(end_label, start_label);
+        self.emit_statement(&dw.body, ctx)?;
+        let test_reg = self.emit_expression(&dw.test, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_true(test_reg, start_label));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.pop_label_scopes(n_labeled);
+        ctx.pop_loop();
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::module::Constant;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::{BindingPattern, ForStatementInit, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_for_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::ForStatement(fr) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let start_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let update_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        ctx.push_loop(end_label, update_label);
+        let n_labeled = ctx.take_pending_loop_labels(end_label, update_label);
+        if let Some(init) = &fr.init {
+            if let Some(expr) = init.as_expression() {
+                self.emit_expression(expr, ctx)?;
+            } else if let ForStatementInit::VariableDeclaration(decl) = init {
+                for d in &decl.declarations {
+                    let is_const = matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Const);
+                    if let Some(init_expr) = &d.init {
+                        let val_reg = self.emit_expression(init_expr, ctx)?;
+                        self.emit_binding_pattern(&d.id, val_reg, decl.kind, is_const, ctx)?;
+                    } else if let BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id {
+                        let idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
+                        let tmp = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                        ctx.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(tmp as u32), idx));
+                        let var_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                        let target_reg = if matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Var) {
+                            match ctx.declare(bi.name.as_str(), var_reg, decl.kind, is_const) {
+                                Ok(()) => var_reg,
+                                Err(_) => ctx.lookup(bi.name.as_str()).unwrap_or(var_reg),
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            ctx.declare(bi.name.as_str(), var_reg, decl.kind, is_const)?;
+                            var_reg
+                        };
+                        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(target_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(tmp as u32), Operand::None));
+                        ctx.init_var(bi.name.as_str());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(start_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        if let Some(test) = &fr.test {
+            let test_reg = self.emit_expression(test, ctx)?;
+            ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_false(test_reg, end_label));
+        }
+        self.emit_statement(&fr.body, ctx)?;
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(update_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        if let Some(update) = &fr.update {
+            self.emit_expression(update, ctx)?;
+        }
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.pop_label_scopes(n_labeled);
+        ctx.pop_loop();
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::{ForStatementLeft, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind};
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_for_in_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::ForInStatement(fi) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let start_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let obj_reg = self.emit_expression(&fi.right, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_IN_INIT, Operand::None, Operand::Reg(obj_reg as u32), Operand::None));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(start_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.push_loop(end_label, start_label);
+        let n_labeled = ctx.take_pending_loop_labels(end_label, start_label);
+        let done_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_IN_DONE, Operand::Reg(done_reg as u32), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        // done=true 表示迭代结束：done=false 时跳过 end jmp 继续迭代
+        let continue_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_false(done_reg, continue_label));
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(end_label));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(continue_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        let key_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_IN_NEXT, Operand::Reg(key_reg as u32), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        match &fi.left {
+            ForStatementLeft::VariableDeclaration(decl) => {
+                for d in &decl.declarations {
+                    let name = match &d.id {
+                        oxide_parser::BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) => bi.name.as_str(),
+                        _ => return Err("destructuring not supported".into()),
+                    };
+                    let var_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                    ctx.declare(name, var_reg, decl.kind, matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Const))?;
+                    ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(key_reg as u32), Operand::None));
+                    ctx.init_var(name);
+                }
+            }
+            ForStatementLeft::AssignmentTargetIdentifier(id_ref) => {
+                let name = id_ref.name.as_str();
+                let var_reg = ctx.lookup_or_global(name);
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(key_reg as u32), Operand::None));
+            }
+            _ => return Err("unsupported for-in left-hand side".into()),
+        }
+        self.emit_statement(&fi.body, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_IN_CLEANUP, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        ctx.pop_label_scopes(n_labeled);
+        ctx.pop_loop();
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::{ForStatementLeft, Statement};
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_for_of_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::ForOfStatement(fo) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let start_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let iter_src_reg = self.emit_expression(&fo.right, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_OF_INIT, Operand::None, Operand::Reg(iter_src_reg as u32), Operand::None));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(start_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.push_loop(end_label, start_label);
+        let n_labeled = ctx.take_pending_loop_labels(end_label, start_label);
+        let has_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_OF_DONE, Operand::Reg(has_reg as u32), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_false(has_reg, end_label));
+        let val_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_OF_NEXT, Operand::Reg(val_reg as u32), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        match &fo.left {
+            ForStatementLeft::VariableDeclaration(decl) => {
+                for d in &decl.declarations {
+                    self.emit_binding_pattern(&d.id, val_reg, decl.kind, false, ctx)?;
+                }
+            }
+            ForStatementLeft::AssignmentTargetIdentifier(id_ref) => {
+                let name = id_ref.name.as_str();
+                let var_reg = ctx.lookup_or_global(name);
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::STORE_VAR, Operand::Reg(var_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(val_reg as u32), Operand::None));
+            }
+            ForStatementLeft::ArrayAssignmentTarget(ap) => {
+                self.emit_array_assignment(ap, val_reg, ctx)?;
+            }
+            ForStatementLeft::ObjectAssignmentTarget(op) => {
+                self.emit_object_assignment(op, val_reg, ctx)?;
+            }
+            _ => return Err("unsupported for-of left-hand side".into()),
+        }
+        self.emit_statement(&fo.body, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_OF_CLOSE, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        ctx.pop_label_scopes(n_labeled);
+        ctx.pop_loop();
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+mod do_while;
+mod for_;
+mod for_in;
+mod for_of;
+mod while_loop;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_iteration_domain(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::WhileStatement(_) => self.emit_while_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::DoWhileStatement(_) => self.emit_do_while_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::ForStatement(_) => self.emit_for_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::ForInStatement(_) => self.emit_for_in_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            Statement::ForOfStatement(_) => self.emit_for_of_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_while_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::WhileStatement(wh) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let start_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(start_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.push_loop(end_label, start_label);
+        let n_labeled = ctx.take_pending_loop_labels(end_label, start_label);
+        let test_reg = self.emit_expression(&wh.test, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_false(test_reg, end_label));
+        self.emit_statement(&wh.body, ctx)?;
+        ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.pop_label_scopes(n_labeled);
+        ctx.pop_loop();
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pub mod basic;
+pub mod block;
+pub mod control;
+pub mod declaration;
+pub mod exception;
+pub mod iteration;
+pub mod switch;
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use crate::{CompileCtx, Emitter};
+use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
+use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
+use oxide_parser::Statement;
+
+impl Emitter {
+    fn emit_switch_statement(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        let Statement::SwitchStatement(sw) = stmt else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+        ctx.push_switch(end_label);
+        let disc_reg = self.emit_expression(&sw.discriminant, ctx)?;
+        let compare_reg_checkpoint = ctx.reg_checkpoint();
+        let cases = &sw.cases;
+        let mut case_labels = Vec::with_capacity(cases.len());
+        for case in cases.iter() {
+            let case_label = ctx.next_label_id();
+            case_labels.push(case_label);
+            if let Some(test) = &case.test {
+                let test_reg = self.emit_expression(test, ctx)?;
+                let eq_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
+                ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::EQ, Operand::Reg(eq_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(disc_reg as u32), Operand::Reg(test_reg as u32)));
+                ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_true(eq_reg, case_label));
+                ctx.restore_reg_checkpoint(compare_reg_checkpoint);
+            }
+        }
+        let has_default = cases.iter().any(|c| c.test.is_none());
+        if !has_default {
+            ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(end_label));
+        }
+        for (case_idx, case) in cases.iter().enumerate() {
+            let case_label = case_labels[case_idx];
+            ctx.labels.set_label_pos(case_label, ctx.insts.len());
+            for s in &case.consequent {
+                self.emit_statement(s, ctx)?;
+            }
+        }
+        ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        ctx.pop_switch();
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_switch_domain(&self, stmt: &Statement, ctx: &mut CompileCtx) -> Result<Option<u8>, String> {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::SwitchStatement(_) => self.emit_switch_statement(stmt, ctx),
+            _ => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}