diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ed612dd7..06152b16 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_builtins"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "fast-float",
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_bytecode"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "oxide_log",
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_cfg"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_emit",
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_cli"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "ansi_term",
  "bumpalo",
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_code_cache"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "lru",
  "oxide_bytecode",
@@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_compiler"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_cfg",
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_dce"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_cfg",
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_emit"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "oxc_allocator",
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_engine"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_compiler",
@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_ir"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_log",
@@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_kernel"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "dashmap",
@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_liveness"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_cfg",
@@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_log"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "tracing",
  "tracing-appender",
@@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_parser"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxc_allocator",
  "oxc_ast",
@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_regalloc"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_cfg",
@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_runtime_api"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_test262"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "oxide_bytecode",
  "oxide_compiler",
@@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_types"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "dashmap",
@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "oxide_vm"
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "chrono",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index aae9ea52..04f208b3 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ members = [
 ]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.13.15"
+version = "0.13.16"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 rust-version = "1.80"
diff --git a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
index 5567a5b4..37702d06 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_bytecode/src/opcode.rs
@@ -525,6 +525,18 @@ define_opcodes! {
         def = Some(SlotSpec::Slot(Slot::Rd)), uses = [],
         pure = false, jump = false, term = false, ic = false,
 
+    // ── using/await using 释放 (0x6A, 0x6B) ──
+    // 作用域入口水位：把当前释放栈深度压入水位栈（DISPOSE_REGISTER 的配对出口），
+    // 无寄存器 def/use；pure = false 防 DCE 删除水位副作用。
+    DISPOSE_MARK = 0x6A => "DISPOSE_MARK",
+        def = None, uses = [],
+        pure = false, jump = false, term = false, ic = false,
+    // 作用域出口：弹出水位，逆序释放水位以上资源并截断释放栈（规范
+    // DisposeResources），无寄存器 def/use。
+    DISPOSE_POP = 0x6B => "DISPOSE_POP",
+        def = None, uses = [],
+        pure = false, jump = false, term = false, ic = false,
+
     // ── define 语义属性写入 (0x6D, 0x6F) ──
     DEFINE_PROP = 0x6D => "DEFINE_PROP",
         def = None, uses = [SlotSpec::Slot(Slot::Rd), SlotSpec::Slot(Slot::A), SlotSpec::Slot(Slot::B)],
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/compile_ctx.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/compile_ctx.rs
index 2fb918c7..4770b173 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/compile_ctx.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/compile_ctx.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use oxide_bytecode::module::{Constant, UpvalueCapture};
+use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
 use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
 use oxide_ir::operand::{LabelId, Operand};
 use oxide_ir::IRFunction;
@@ -238,6 +239,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
                 finally_depth: 0,
                 for_of_depth: 0,
                 for_in_depth: 0,
+                dispose_depth: 0,
                 label_counter: 0,
             },
             scopes: ScopeCtx {
@@ -588,6 +590,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
         }
         let fod = self.labels.for_of_depth;
         let fid = self.labels.for_in_depth;
+        let dd = self.labels.dispose_depth;
         let v_reg = self.alloc_reg();
         let undef_idx = self.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
         self.inst(Inst::load_const(Operand::Reg(v_reg), undef_idx));
@@ -597,6 +600,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
             finally_depth_at_open: fd,
             for_of_depth_at_open: fod,
             for_in_depth_at_open: fid,
+            dispose_depth_at_open: dd,
             kind,
             v_reg,
         });
@@ -622,11 +626,13 @@ impl CompileCtx {
         let fd = self.labels.finally_depth;
         let fod = self.labels.for_of_depth;
         let fid = self.labels.for_in_depth;
+        let dd = self.labels.dispose_depth;
         self.labels.switch_stack.push(SwitchEntry {
             break_label,
             finally_depth_at_open: fd,
             for_of_depth_at_open: fod,
             for_in_depth_at_open: fid,
+            dispose_depth_at_open: dd,
             result_reg,
         });
     }
@@ -711,6 +717,22 @@ impl CompileCtx {
         self.labels.finally_depth -= 1;
     }
 
+    /// 发 DISPOSE_MARK：作用域入口登记释放栈水位，dispose_depth 递增。
+    ///
+    /// # 边界与前提
+    /// - 与 `emit_dispose_pop` 成对；编译期不变式是函数体收尾 dispose_depth 归零
+    ///   （`assemble_ir` 前 debug_assert 校验）。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_dispose_mark(&mut self) {
+        self.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::DISPOSE_MARK, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        self.labels.dispose_depth += 1;
+    }
+
+    /// 发 DISPOSE_POP：作用域出口逆序释放水位以上资源，dispose_depth 递减。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_dispose_pop(&mut self) {
+        self.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::DISPOSE_POP, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        self.labels.dispose_depth -= 1;
+    }
+
     /// 记录一个纯 catch handler 打开（对应 emit try_begin 后的运行时 TRY_BEGIN）。
     pub(crate) fn push_open_catch_handler(&mut self) {
         self.open_try_handlers.push(true);
@@ -743,6 +765,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
         let fd = self.labels.finally_depth;
         let fod = self.labels.for_of_depth;
         let fid = self.labels.for_in_depth;
+        let dd = self.labels.dispose_depth;
         self.labels.label_scopes.push(LabelScope {
             name: name.to_string(),
             break_label,
@@ -750,6 +773,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
             finally_depth_at_open: fd,
             for_of_depth_at_open: fod,
             for_in_depth_at_open: fid,
+            dispose_depth_at_open: dd,
             completion_reg,
         });
         Ok(())
@@ -785,6 +809,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
         let fd = self.labels.finally_depth;
         let fod = self.labels.for_of_depth;
         let fid = self.labels.for_in_depth;
+        let dd = self.labels.dispose_depth;
         for name in names {
             self.labels.label_scopes.push(LabelScope {
                 name,
@@ -793,6 +818,7 @@ impl CompileCtx {
                 finally_depth_at_open: fd,
                 for_of_depth_at_open: fod,
                 for_in_depth_at_open: fid,
+                dispose_depth_at_open: dd,
                 completion_reg: Some(completion_reg),
             });
         }
@@ -921,6 +947,12 @@ impl CompileCtx {
     pub(crate) fn assemble_ir(
         &mut self, param_layout: oxide_ir::ParamLayout, parent_ctx: Option<&CompileCtx>,
     ) -> IRFunction {
+        // 编译期不变式：每个 DISPOSE_MARK 都有配对的 DISPOSE_POP，函数体收尾
+        // 释放作用域全部关闭（早 return 跳过 POP 归穿越面，不在此列）。
+        debug_assert!(
+            self.labels.dispose_depth == 0,
+            "函数体收尾释放作用域深度须归零（mark/pop 未配对）"
+        );
         let upvalue_captures = self
             .current_upvalue_captures
             .iter()
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit_ctx.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit_ctx.rs
index 0dd3d3ff..2d79917d 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit_ctx.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/emit_ctx.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ pub(crate) struct LoopEntry {
     /// 循环出口结果寄存器：入口初始 undefined，体正常完成回写，break/continue
     /// 携值写入（空携值不写，保持前次累积值）。
     pub(crate) v_reg: u32,
+    /// 循环打开时已打开的释放作用域数（break/continue/return 逃出时据此
+    /// 计算需穿越释放的作用域层数）。
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) dispose_depth_at_open: usize,
 }
 
 /// 完成值帧：编译期帧栈元素，承载「每语句列表独立累积」语义。
@@ -83,6 +87,9 @@ pub struct LabelScope {
     pub(crate) for_of_depth_at_open: usize,
     /// 标签打开时已打开的 for-in 循环数。
     pub(crate) for_in_depth_at_open: usize,
+    /// 标签打开时已打开的释放作用域数（break 逃出时据此计算需穿越释放的层数）。
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) dispose_depth_at_open: usize,
     /// 标签目标出口结果寄存器：迭代标签取所包裹循环的 `v_reg`；非迭代标签仅当
     /// 体含指向本标签的 break 时分配（体正常完成回写、break 携值写入）。
     pub(crate) completion_reg: Option<u32>,
@@ -96,6 +103,9 @@ pub(crate) struct SwitchEntry {
     pub(crate) finally_depth_at_open: usize,
     pub(crate) for_of_depth_at_open: usize,
     pub(crate) for_in_depth_at_open: usize,
+    /// switch 打开时已打开的释放作用域数（switch 内 break 逃出时据此计算穿越层数）。
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(crate) dispose_depth_at_open: usize,
     pub(crate) result_reg: u32,
 }
 
@@ -119,6 +129,10 @@ pub(crate) struct LabelCtx {
     pub(crate) for_of_depth: usize,
     /// 当前打开的 for-in 循环数（逃出计数基数）。
     pub(crate) for_in_depth: usize,
+    /// 当前打开的释放作用域数（DISPOSE_MARK 已发未 POP 的嵌套层数）：
+    /// 编译期不变式是函数体收尾归零，break/continue/return 逃出穿越层数以此
+    /// 与打开点快照之差计算。
+    pub(crate) dispose_depth: usize,
     pub(crate) label_counter: u32,
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/function_body.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/function_body.rs
index 65e13745..5143e19a 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/function_body.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/function_body.rs
@@ -458,10 +458,21 @@ impl Emitter {
         // MAKE_CELL(undefined) 实例化，此处只补未捕获名。
         self.instantiate_var_bindings(body_stmts, &mut ctx);
 
+        // 函数体是释放作用域：仅当体含 using 声明时发 mark/pop（无 using 的体
+        // 不发，防早退 return 跳过 POP 留未配对水位错乱外层对齐）。
+        let has_using = Self::scope_contains_using(body_stmts);
         // 生成器：body 起点标记——调用时参数初始化（emit_params_prologue）结束后挂起于此，
         // 参数副作用/异常在 `g()` 调用时刻生效，首次 next() 从这继续执行 body。
         if is_generator {
             ctx.inst(Inst::suspend_body());
+            // 生成器体环境在 `g()` 调用时建立、首次 next() 从挂起点后继续：水位登记
+            // 在挂起点之后，体声明的资源只在体尾（生成器完成）释放。
+            if has_using {
+                ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+            }
+        } else if has_using {
+            // 普通函数体环境在参数 prologue 后建立：body 语句发射前登记水位。
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
         }
 
         if let Some(emit) = emit_fields.as_mut() {
@@ -492,6 +503,10 @@ impl Emitter {
 
         // 隐式 RETURN：表达式体返回最后表达式，语句体返回 undefined。
         // 函数尾词法上不在任何循环内，迭代器逃出计数恒 0。
+        // 函数尾正常完成：逆序释放体声明的资源（早 return 跳过本点，归穿越面）。
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         if is_expression_body {
             if let Some(reg) = last_result_reg {
                 ctx.inst(Inst::ret(Operand::Reg(reg), 0, 0));
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/block.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/block.rs
index 5e097a4d..f641593c 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/block.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/block.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ impl Emitter {
             return Ok(None);
         };
         ctx.push_scope();
+        // 块是释放作用域：仅当块含 using 声明时入口登记水位、块尾正常完成逆序
+        // 释放本块声明的资源（无 using 的块不发 mark/pop，防早退跳过 POP 留
+        // 未配对水位）。
+        let has_using = Self::scope_contains_using(&block.body);
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+        }
         // 函数预声明先于 lexical：`{ let g; function g(){} }` 时 lexical 的预声明
         // 命中已存在的函数绑定自然报重复声明错，不被静默覆盖破坏 TDZ。
         self.predeclare_block_function_declarations(&block.body, ctx, false);
@@ -35,6 +42,10 @@ impl Emitter {
         }
         ctx.pop_completion_list();
         ctx.block_fn_entry_mats.pop();
+        // 块尾正常完成：逆序释放本块声明的资源（异常/return 穿越跳过本点）。
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         ctx.pop_scope();
         Ok(r)
     }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs
index 56a4b84d..72304a8e 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/declaration/var.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ use oxide_bytecode::module::Constant;
 use oxide_bytecode::opcode::OpCode;
 use oxide_ir::inst::Inst;
 use oxide_ir::operand::Operand;
-use oxide_parser::{BindingPattern, Statement, VariableDeclaration, VariableDeclarationKind};
+use oxide_parser::{
+    BindingPattern, ForStatementInit, ForStatementLeft, Statement, VariableDeclaration,
+    VariableDeclarationKind,
+};
 
 impl Emitter {
     pub(crate) fn emit_variable_declaration_statement(
@@ -44,16 +47,8 @@ impl Emitter {
                     }
                 }
                 // using/await using 声明登记：把资源值压入 VM 释放栈（释放时机由
-                // 作用域出口点决定，本指令只登记）。a 槽为释放提示：0 = 同步、1 = 异步。
-                if matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Using | VariableDeclarationKind::AwaitUsing) {
-                    let hint = u16::from(matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::AwaitUsing));
-                    ctx.inst(Inst::new(
-                        OpCode::DISPOSE_REGISTER,
-                        Operand::Reg(val_reg),
-                        Operand::Imm(hint),
-                        Operand::None,
-                    ));
-                }
+                // 作用域出口点决定，本指令只登记）。
+                self.emit_dispose_register(val_reg, decl.kind, ctx);
             } else {
                 let BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id else {
                     return Err("destructuring declaration requires an initializer".into());
@@ -97,4 +92,87 @@ impl Emitter {
         }
         Ok(None)
     }
+
+    /// 递归扫描语句列表是否含 using/await using 声明（含嵌套复合语句，不进入
+    /// 函数/类体——那是独立作用域，其 using 声明不属本作用域）。释放作用域的
+    /// mark/pop 仅在有资源声明时发射：无 using 的作用域若发 mark/pop，其早退
+    /// （return/break/continue/throw）跳过 POP 会留下未配对水位，错乱外层作用域
+    /// 的 mark/pop 对齐。
+    pub(crate) fn scope_contains_using(stmts: &[Statement]) -> bool {
+        stmts.iter().any(Self::statement_contains_using)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn statement_contains_using(stmt: &Statement) -> bool {
+        match stmt {
+            Statement::VariableDeclaration(decl) => {
+                matches!(decl.kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Using | VariableDeclarationKind::AwaitUsing)
+            }
+            Statement::BlockStatement(block) => Self::scope_contains_using(&block.body),
+            Statement::IfStatement(if_) => {
+                Self::statement_contains_using(&if_.consequent)
+                    || if_.alternate.as_ref().is_some_and(|s| Self::statement_contains_using(s))
+            }
+            Statement::WhileStatement(while_) => Self::statement_contains_using(&while_.body),
+            Statement::DoWhileStatement(do_) => Self::statement_contains_using(&do_.body),
+            Statement::ForStatement(for_) => Self::statement_contains_using(&for_.body),
+            Statement::ForOfStatement(for_) => Self::statement_contains_using(&for_.body),
+            Statement::ForInStatement(for_) => Self::statement_contains_using(&for_.body),
+            Statement::LabeledStatement(labeled) => Self::statement_contains_using(&labeled.body),
+            Statement::WithStatement(with_) => Self::statement_contains_using(&with_.body),
+            Statement::SwitchStatement(switch_) => {
+                switch_.cases.iter().any(|case| Self::scope_contains_using(&case.consequent))
+            }
+            Statement::TryStatement(try_) => {
+                Self::scope_contains_using(&try_.block.body)
+                    || try_
+                        .handler
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .is_some_and(|h| Self::scope_contains_using(&h.body.body))
+                    || try_.finalizer.as_deref().is_some_and(|f| Self::scope_contains_using(&f.body))
+            }
+            // 函数/类声明是独立作用域，其 using 声明不属本作用域；其余语句无嵌套。
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// using/await using 声明登记释放栈：把资源值（val_reg）压入释放栈。非
+    /// using/await using 声明不登记。a 槽为释放提示（0 = 同步、1 = 异步）。
+    pub(crate) fn emit_dispose_register(
+        &self, val_reg: u32, kind: VariableDeclarationKind, ctx: &mut CompileCtx,
+    ) {
+        if !matches!(kind, VariableDeclarationKind::Using | VariableDeclarationKind::AwaitUsing) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let hint = u16::from(matches!(kind, VariableDeclarationKind::AwaitUsing));
+        ctx.inst(Inst::new(
+            OpCode::DISPOSE_REGISTER,
+            Operand::Reg(val_reg),
+            Operand::Imm(hint),
+            Operand::None,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    /// C 风格 for 头是否含 using 声明（init 为 using/await using 变量声明）。
+    pub(crate) fn for_init_contains_using(init: &Option<ForStatementInit>) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            init,
+            Some(ForStatementInit::VariableDeclaration(decl))
+                if matches!(
+                    decl.kind,
+                    VariableDeclarationKind::Using | VariableDeclarationKind::AwaitUsing
+                )
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// for-of/for-in 左侧是否含 using 声明（头为 using/await using 变量声明）。
+    pub(crate) fn for_left_contains_using(left: &ForStatementLeft) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            left,
+            ForStatementLeft::VariableDeclaration(decl)
+                if matches!(
+                    decl.kind,
+                    VariableDeclarationKind::Using | VariableDeclarationKind::AwaitUsing
+                )
+        )
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/exception/try_catch.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/exception/try_catch.rs
index 9eeb99fd..5421fcaf 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/exception/try_catch.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/exception/try_catch.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ impl Emitter {
         // try block 是独立块作用域：lexical 声明（let/const/class）限定于 try 内，
         // 与外层同名绑定互不干扰；块级预声明使声明点前读取编译为 TDZ 抛错。
         ctx.push_scope();
+        // try 体是独立释放环境：仅当体含 using 声明时入口登记水位、体尾正常
+        // 完成逆序释放（异常穿越跳过本点，归穿越面）。
+        let try_has_using = Self::scope_contains_using(&ts.block.body);
+        if try_has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+        }
         // 函数预声明先于 lexical：同名 let 命中已有函数绑定报重复声明错。
         self.predeclare_block_function_declarations(&ts.block.body, ctx, false);
         // try 块 lexical 声明是局部绑定：不做受限全局名检查（重复声明错在 emit 期报）。
@@ -58,6 +64,10 @@ impl Emitter {
         }
         ctx.pop_completion_list();
         ctx.block_fn_entry_mats.pop();
+        // try 体正常完成出口：逆序释放本体声明的资源。
+        if try_has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         ctx.pop_scope();
         ctx.inst(Inst::new(
             OpCode::LOAD_VAR,
@@ -77,6 +87,12 @@ impl Emitter {
         ctx.labels.set_label_pos(catch_label, ctx.insts.len());
         if let Some(catch) = &ts.handler {
             ctx.push_scope();
+            // catch 体是独立释放环境：仅当体含 using 声明时入口登记水位、体尾
+            // 正常完成逆序释放。
+            let catch_has_using = Self::scope_contains_using(&catch.body.body);
+            if catch_has_using {
+                ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+            }
             if let Some(param) = &catch.param {
                 let src_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
                 // 异常值在 VM 物理 regs[0]（unwind 展开处写入），STORE_VAR a=None 读回。
@@ -111,6 +127,10 @@ impl Emitter {
                 Operand::Reg(last_catch_result.unwrap_or(result_reg)),
                 Operand::None,
             ));
+            // catch 体正常完成出口：逆序释放本体声明的资源。
+            if catch_has_using {
+                ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+            }
             ctx.pop_scope();
         }
         if has_finally {
@@ -124,6 +144,12 @@ impl Emitter {
             // try/catch 收敛值保持 try 体或 catch 体值，finally 值不渗入。
             // finally block 同为独立块作用域，lexical 声明互不泄漏。
             ctx.push_scope();
+            // finally 体是独立释放环境：仅当体含 using 声明时入口登记水位、
+            // 体尾正常完成逆序释放。
+            let finally_has_using = Self::scope_contains_using(&ts.finalizer.as_ref().unwrap().body);
+            if finally_has_using {
+                ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+            }
             // finally 块函数预声明先于 lexical，块入口物化与 try/普通块同口径。
             self.predeclare_block_function_declarations(&ts.finalizer.as_ref().unwrap().body, ctx, false);
             // finally 块 lexical 声明同为局部绑定：不做受限全局名检查。
@@ -142,6 +168,10 @@ impl Emitter {
             }
             ctx.pop_completion_list();
             ctx.block_fn_entry_mats.pop();
+            // finally 体正常完成出口：逆序释放本体声明的资源。
+            if finally_has_using {
+                ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+            }
             ctx.pop_scope();
             ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::TRY_FINALLY_END, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
             ctx.pop_open_try_handler();
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_.rs
index cf0bd07c..994f8986 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ impl Emitter {
             return Ok(None);
         };
         ctx.push_scope();
+        // C 风格 for 是整语句单一释放环境（非每迭代）：仅当头/体含 using 声明
+        // 时入口登记水位、出口（end_label 后）逆序释放。
+        let has_using = Self::for_init_contains_using(&fr.init) || Self::statement_contains_using(&fr.body);
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+        }
         let start_label = ctx.next_label_id();
         let update_label = ctx.next_label_id();
         let end_label = ctx.next_label_id();
@@ -98,6 +104,8 @@ impl Emitter {
                         // 捕获头名的寄存器补写在 `emit_bind_target` 经
                         // `for_head_store_registers` 完成（解构叶用各自的叶值，不用整头 RHS）。
                         self.emit_binding_pattern(&d.id, val_reg, decl.kind, is_const, false, ctx)?;
+                        // using/await using 头声明登记释放栈（资源值即 init 表达式结果）。
+                        self.emit_dispose_register(val_reg, decl.kind, ctx);
                     } else if let BindingPattern::BindingIdentifier(bi) = &d.id {
                         let idx = ctx.add_constant(Constant::Undefined);
                         let tmp = ctx.alloc_reg();
@@ -222,6 +230,10 @@ impl Emitter {
         }
         ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
         ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        // 循环正常完成出口：逆序释放本 for 语句声明的资源。
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         ctx.pop_label_scopes(n_labeled);
         ctx.pop_loop();
         ctx.pop_scope();
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_in.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_in.rs
index a0f1cc99..2c55dbe4 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_in.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_in.rs
@@ -189,6 +189,12 @@ impl Emitter {
         ctx.labels.set_label_pos(continue_label, ctx.insts.len());
         let key_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
         ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_IN_NEXT, Operand::Reg(key_reg), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        // for-in 每迭代独立环境（规范 iterationEnv）：仅当头/体含 using 声明时
+        // 本迭代 mark/pop。
+        let has_using = Self::for_left_contains_using(&fi.left) || Self::statement_contains_using(&fi.body);
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+        }
         match &fi.left {
             ForStatementLeft::VariableDeclaration(decl) => {
                 // let/const 声明对被捕获绑定用 fresh cell（每迭代新 cell）；var 单绑定。
@@ -253,6 +259,8 @@ impl Emitter {
                         _ => self.emit_binding_pattern(&d.id, key_reg, decl.kind, is_const, fresh_cell, ctx)?,
                     }
                 }
+                // using/await using 头声明登记释放栈（资源值即本迭代键）。
+                self.emit_dispose_register(key_reg, decl.kind, ctx);
             }
             ForStatementLeft::AssignmentTargetIdentifier(id_ref) => {
                 let name = id_ref.name.as_str();
@@ -284,6 +292,10 @@ impl Emitter {
         if let Some(env) = head_env {
             self.restore_for_head_env(env, ctx);
         }
+        // 本迭代正常完成：逆序释放本迭代声明的资源。
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
         ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
         ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_IN_CLEANUP, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_of.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_of.rs
index 2aba4d70..7fff530b 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_of.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/iteration/for_of.rs
@@ -49,11 +49,21 @@ impl Emitter {
         ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_false(has_reg, end_label));
         let val_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
         ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_OF_NEXT, Operand::Reg(val_reg), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        // for-of 每迭代独立环境（规范 iterationEnv）：仅当头/体含 using 声明时
+        // 本迭代 mark/pop，迭代器关闭（FOR_OF_CLOSE）与释放互不干扰。
+        let has_using = Self::for_left_contains_using(&fo.left) || Self::statement_contains_using(&fo.body);
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+        }
         self.emit_for_of_left_assignment(&fo.left, val_reg, ctx)?;
         let body_result = self.emit_statement(&fo.body, ctx)?;
         if let Some(env) = head_env {
             self.restore_for_head_env(env, ctx);
         }
+        // 本迭代正常完成：逆序释放本迭代声明的资源。
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
         ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
         ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_OF_CLOSE, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
@@ -115,11 +125,21 @@ impl Emitter {
         ctx.inst(Inst::jmp_if_false(has_reg, end_label));
         let val_reg = ctx.alloc_reg();
         ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_OF_NEXT, Operand::Reg(val_reg), Operand::None, Operand::None));
+        // for-await-of 同同步 for-of：每迭代独立环境，仅当头/体含 using 声明时
+        // 本迭代 mark/pop。
+        let has_using = Self::for_left_contains_using(&fo.left) || Self::statement_contains_using(&fo.body);
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+        }
         self.emit_for_of_left_assignment(&fo.left, val_reg, ctx)?;
         let body_result = self.emit_statement(&fo.body, ctx)?;
         if let Some(env) = head_env {
             self.restore_for_head_env(env, ctx);
         }
+        // 本迭代正常完成：逆序释放本迭代声明的资源。
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         ctx.inst(Inst::jmp(start_label));
         ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
         ctx.inst(Inst::new(OpCode::FOR_AWAIT_OF_CLOSE, Operand::None, Operand::None, Operand::None));
@@ -147,6 +167,8 @@ impl Emitter {
                 for d in &decl.declarations {
                     self.emit_binding_pattern(&d.id, val_reg, decl.kind, false, fresh_cell, ctx)?;
                 }
+                // using/await using 头声明登记释放栈（资源值即本迭代值）。
+                self.emit_dispose_register(val_reg, decl.kind, ctx);
             }
             ForStatementLeft::AssignmentTargetIdentifier(id_ref) => {
                 let name = id_ref.name.as_str();
diff --git a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/switch.rs b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/switch.rs
index cb24122f..c9d33485 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/switch.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_emit/src/stmt/switch.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ impl Emitter {
         // 块函数预声明先于 lexical，使 `case 0: let g; function g(){}` 的 lexical
         // 占位命中已存在的函数绑定，报重复声明错。
         ctx.push_scope();
+        // CaseBlock 是单一释放环境（非逐 case）：穿落不跨环境，仅当 case 体含
+        // using 声明时入口登记水位、出口逆序释放。
+        let has_using = cases.iter().any(|case| Self::scope_contains_using(&case.consequent));
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_mark();
+        }
         for case in cases.iter() {
             self.predeclare_block_function_declarations(&case.consequent, ctx, false);
             self.predeclare_lexical_declarations(&case.consequent, ctx)?;
@@ -84,6 +90,10 @@ impl Emitter {
         }
         ctx.block_fn_entry_mats.pop();
         ctx.labels.set_label_pos(end_label, ctx.insts.len());
+        // CaseBlock 正常完成出口：逆序释放本块声明的资源。
+        if has_using {
+            ctx.emit_dispose_pop();
+        }
         ctx.pop_scope();
         ctx.pop_completion_target();
         ctx.pop_switch();
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/dispatch_loop.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/dispatch_loop.rs
index dce630a1..d1c9f090 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/dispatch_loop.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/dispatch_loop.rs
@@ -289,6 +289,12 @@ impl Vm {
                 OpCode::DISPOSE_REGISTER => {
                     self.dispatch_dispose_register(rd, a);
                 }
+                OpCode::DISPOSE_MARK => {
+                    self.dispatch_dispose_mark();
+                }
+                OpCode::DISPOSE_POP => {
+                    self.dispatch_dispose_pop()?;
+                }
                 OpCode::CELL_GET => {
                     self.dispatch_cell_get(rd, a, b)?;
                 }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/gc_hooks.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/gc_hooks.rs
index 0683dbe8..75cbb51d 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/gc_hooks.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/gc_hooks.rs
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ impl Vm {
             f(RootGroup::SpillStack, v);
         }
         // 释放栈持 using 声明的资源值：漏根 → sweep 释放 → 释放点解引用悬垂。
-        for &v in &self.dispose_stack {
-            f(RootGroup::DisposeStack, v);
+        for (v, _) in &self.dispose_stack {
+            f(RootGroup::DisposeStack, *v);
         }
         for cell_vec in &self.cell_stack {
             for &cell_ptr in cell_vec {
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/mod.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/mod.rs
index 0c56b1fa..0815f8fb 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm/mod.rs
@@ -230,10 +230,13 @@ pub struct Vm {
     /// VM 级 spill 栈。`CallFrame.spill_offset` 定位本帧区：调用子函数时从边界后分配，
     /// 帧恢复时截断到边界，子函数 spill 数据随帧丢弃。
     pub(crate) spill_stack: Vec<JsValue>,
-    /// using/await using 声明的资源释放栈：DISPOSE_REGISTER 把资源值压入，
-    /// 作用域出口点逆序释放（释放点由后续指令族承担）。栈内 JsValue 是 GC 根
+    /// using/await using 声明的资源释放栈：DISPOSE_REGISTER 把（资源值，释放提示）
+    /// 压入，DISPOSE_POP 按水位逆序释放并截断。栈内 JsValue 是 GC 根
     /// （`for_each_value` 遍历）；run 边界清空，防跨 run 残留条目在下一 run 被误释放。
-    pub(crate) dispose_stack: Vec<JsValue>,
+    pub(crate) dispose_stack: Vec<(JsValue, u16)>,
+    /// 作用域水位栈：DISPOSE_MARK 压入当前释放栈深度，DISPOSE_POP 弹出并只释放
+    /// 水位以上条目。与释放栈同生共死（run 边界一并清空）。
+    pub(crate) dispose_marks: Vec<usize>,
     /// 本次 native 调用的 spill 溢出实参区：`spill_stack[base..base+count)`。
     /// 实参数超过寄存器窗口（253）时，窗口外的实参转存 spill 栈（GC 根），
     /// native 侧经 `VmHost::native_arg_count`/`native_arg_at` 读取。仅在一次
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs
index fa9feb42..704e5e89 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_dispatch_misc.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use oxide_runtime_api::{push_units_to, to_boolean, to_units_full, VmHost};
 use oxide_types::object::{JsObject, PropAttributes};
 use oxide_types::private_key::{
     encode_symbol_key, int_key_value, is_int_key, is_private_name_key, is_symbol_key, make_int_key, INT_KEY_COUNT,
-    WELL_KNOWN_SYMBOL_HAS_INSTANCE,
+    WELL_KNOWN_SYMBOL_ASYNC_DISPOSE, WELL_KNOWN_SYMBOL_DISPOSE, WELL_KNOWN_SYMBOL_HAS_INSTANCE,
 };
 use oxide_types::value::JsValue;
 
@@ -649,16 +649,78 @@ impl Vm {
         self.iters.pop_for_in();
     }
 
-    /// using/await using 声明登记：把资源值（rd 槽）压入释放栈。
+    /// using/await using 声明登记：把资源值（rd 槽）与释放提示（a 槽）压入释放栈。
     ///
-    /// a 槽是释放提示（0 = 同步、1 = 异步），登记期原样保留供释放点分派；
+    /// 释放提示 0 = 同步、1 = 异步，登记期原样保留供释放点分派；
     /// 本指令只登记，释放时机由作用域出口点决定。
     ///
     /// # 副作用
     /// - 释放栈增长（栈内 JsValue 是 GC 根，run 边界清空）。
     pub(crate) fn dispatch_dispose_register(&mut self, rd: usize, a: usize) {
         vm_trace!("DISPOSE_REGISTER rd={} hint={}", rd, a);
-        self.dispose_stack.push(self.regs[rd]);
+        self.dispose_stack.push((self.regs[rd], a as u16));
+    }
+
+    /// 作用域入口水位：把当前释放栈深度压入水位栈（DISPOSE_POP 的配对入口）。
+    ///
+    /// # 副作用
+    /// - 水位栈增长。
+    pub(crate) fn dispatch_dispose_mark(&mut self) {
+        vm_trace!("DISPOSE_MARK depth={}", self.dispose_stack.len());
+        self.dispose_marks.push(self.dispose_stack.len());
+    }
+
+    /// 作用域出口：弹出水位，逆序释放水位以上资源并截断释放栈（规范
+    /// DisposeResources）。释放方法自身抛错按第一错误向外传播。
+    ///
+    /// # 副作用
+    /// - 释放栈截断到水位、水位栈弹出；释放方法是任意 JS 调用（可再入，
+    ///   嵌套 using 声明会在其内再压释放栈）。
+    pub(crate) fn dispatch_dispose_pop(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let mark = match self.dispose_marks.pop() {
+            Some(m) => m,
+            None => return Ok(()),
+        };
+        vm_trace!("DISPOSE_POP mark={} depth={}", mark, self.dispose_stack.len());
+        while self.dispose_stack.len() > mark {
+            let (value, hint) = self.dispose_stack.pop().expect("水位以上必有条目");
+            self.dispose_value(value, hint)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 单资源释放（规范 Dispose 语义）：非对象跳过；按释放提示取方法（同步只取
+    /// Symbol.dispose；异步先取 Symbol.asyncDispose，未定义回退 Symbol.dispose），
+    /// 不可调用跳过；以资源自身为 this 零参调用。
+    ///
+    /// # 边界与前提
+    /// - 异步方法结果为对象时须 Await 挂起，归后续任务；本期同步调用，结果丢弃。
+    fn dispose_value(&mut self, value: JsValue, hint: u16) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if !value.is_object() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let val_obj = unsafe { &*value.as_js_object_ptr() };
+        let dispose_key = encode_symbol_key(self.realm_id(), WELL_KNOWN_SYMBOL_DISPOSE);
+        let method = if hint == 1 {
+            let async_key = encode_symbol_key(self.realm_id(), WELL_KNOWN_SYMBOL_ASYNC_DISPOSE);
+            let async_method = self.ordinary_get(val_obj, async_key, value)?;
+            if async_method.is_undefined() {
+                self.ordinary_get(val_obj, dispose_key, value)?
+            } else {
+                async_method
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.ordinary_get(val_obj, dispose_key, value)?
+        };
+        if !method.is_object() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let method_obj = unsafe { &*method.as_js_object_ptr() };
+        if !method_obj.is_function() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let _ = self.call_function_sync(method, value, &[])?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn dispatch_for_of_init(&mut self, a: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs
index aa4871d1..512c0461 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_runtime.rs
@@ -1146,13 +1146,15 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn using_declaration_registers_dispose_stack() {
-        // using 声明经 DISPOSE_REGISTER 把资源值压入释放栈；run 边界（下次 run
-        // 入口）清栈，上一 run 的残留条目不得跨 run 可见。
+        // using 声明经 DISPOSE_REGISTER 把资源值压入释放栈。早 return 跳过函数
+        // 体 POP（穿越面，归后续任务），资源残留栈上；run 边界（下次 run 入口）
+        // 清栈，残留条目不得跨 run 可见。
         let mut vm = Vm::new();
-        let module = Arc::new(compile("function f() { using x = { a: 1 }; } f();"));
+        let module = Arc::new(compile("function f() { using x = { a: 1 }; return 42; } f();"));
         vm.run(&module).expect("run");
-        assert_eq!(vm.dispose_stack.len(), 1, "using 声明应登记一个资源值");
-        assert!(vm.dispose_stack[0].is_object(), "登记值应为资源对象");
+        assert_eq!(vm.dispose_stack.len(), 1, "早 return 跳过 POP，资源残留栈上");
+        assert!(vm.dispose_stack[0].0.is_object(), "登记值应为资源对象");
+        assert_eq!(vm.dispose_stack[0].1, 0, "using 声明释放提示应为同步");
 
         // 二次 run 入口清栈后重新登记：残留条目不跨 run 存活。
         vm.run(&module).expect("run2");
@@ -1162,4 +1164,107 @@ mod tests {
         vm.clear_execution_state();
         assert!(vm.dispose_stack.is_empty(), "执行状态清空应清空释放栈");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn using_disposed_at_end_of_block() {
+        // using 声明在块尾正常释放：Symbol.dispose 以资源自身为 this 调用一次。
+        let mut vm = Vm::new();
+        let module = Arc::new(compile(
+            "var count = 0, thisOk = false; \
+             function make() { return { [Symbol.dispose]: function () { count++; thisOk = (this === r); } }; } \
+             var r = make(); \
+             { using x = r; }",
+        ));
+        vm.run(&module).expect("run");
+        assert_eq!(global_value(&mut vm, "count"), JsValue::int(1), "块尾应释放一次");
+        assert_eq!(global_value(&mut vm, "thisOk"), JsValue::bool(true), "释放方法 this 应为资源自身");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn using_disposed_in_reverse_order() {
+        // 多资源按声明逆序释放（后声明者先释放）：释放序拼成数字 321。
+        let mut vm = Vm::new();
+        let module = Arc::new(compile(
+            "var seq = 0; \
+             function m(a) { return { [Symbol.dispose]: function () { seq = seq * 10 + a; } }; } \
+             { using a = m(1); using b = m(2); using c = m(3); }",
+        ));
+        vm.run(&module).expect("run");
+        assert_eq!(as_number(&global_value(&mut vm, "seq")), 321.0, "逆序释放拼成 321");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn using_disposed_at_end_of_function_body() {
+        // 函数体尾释放：每次调用各释放一次，早 return 不释放（归穿越面）。
+        let mut vm = Vm::new();
+        let module = Arc::new(compile(
+            "var count = 0; \
+             function make() { return { [Symbol.dispose]: function () { count++; } }; } \
+             function f() { using x = make(); } \
+             f(); f();",
+        ));
+        vm.run(&module).expect("run");
+        assert_eq!(global_value(&mut vm, "count"), JsValue::int(2), "两次调用各释放一次");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn using_disposed_at_end_of_for_statement() {
+        // C 风格 for 是整语句单一环境：每迭代的块尾释放，循环尾不重复释放。
+        let mut vm = Vm::new();
+        let module = Arc::new(compile(
+            "var count = 0; \
+             function make() { return { [Symbol.dispose]: function () { count++; } }; } \
+             for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) { using x = make(); }",
+        ));
+        vm.run(&module).expect("run");
+        assert_eq!(global_value(&mut vm, "count"), JsValue::int(3), "每迭代块尾各释放一次");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn using_disposed_each_iteration_of_for_of() {
+        // for-of 每迭代独立环境：每迭代 mark/pop，迭代器关闭与释放互不干扰。
+        let mut vm = Vm::new();
+        let module = Arc::new(compile(
+            "var count = 0; \
+             function make() { return { [Symbol.dispose]: function () { count++; } }; } \
+             for (using x of [make(), make(), make()]) { }",
+        ));
+        vm.run(&module).expect("run");
+        assert_eq!(global_value(&mut vm, "count"), JsValue::int(3), "每迭代各释放一次");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn using_disposed_at_end_of_switch_and_try() {
+        // switch CaseBlock 单一环境、try/catch/finally 各体独立环境：各体出口
+        // 释放本体检证（catch 体未触发不释放）。
+        let mut vm = Vm::new();
+        let module = Arc::new(compile(
+            "var count = 0; \
+             function make() { return { [Symbol.dispose]: function () { count++; } }; } \
+             switch (1) { case 1: { using a = make(); break; } } \
+             try { using b = make(); } catch (e) { using c = make(); } finally { using d = make(); }",
+        ));
+        vm.run(&module).expect("run");
+        assert_eq!(
+            global_value(&mut vm, "count"),
+            JsValue::int(3),
+            "switch 体、try 体、finally 体各释放一次（catch 未触发）"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn await_using_prefers_async_dispose_falls_back_to_dispose() {
+        // await using 释放：有 Symbol.asyncDispose 用之，未定义回退 Symbol.dispose。
+        let mut vm = Vm::new();
+        let module = Arc::new(compile(
+            "var asyncUsed = 0, syncUsed = 0; \
+             var withAsync = { [Symbol.asyncDispose]: function () { asyncUsed++; } }; \
+             var withSync = { [Symbol.dispose]: function () { syncUsed++; } }; \
+             { await using a = withAsync; } \
+             { await using b = withSync; }",
+        ));
+        vm.run(&module).expect("run");
+        assert_eq!(global_value(&mut vm, "asyncUsed"), JsValue::int(1), "asyncDispose 优先");
+        assert_eq!(global_value(&mut vm, "syncUsed"), JsValue::int(1), "asyncDispose 未定义回退 dispose");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs
index be613210..bb6ad81a 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm_support.rs
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ impl Vm {
             save_stack: Vec::new(),
             spill_stack: Vec::new(),
             dispose_stack: Vec::new(),
+            dispose_marks: Vec::new(),
             native_overflow_base: 0,
             native_overflow_count: 0,
             try_stack: Vec::new(),
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@ impl Vm {
             save_stack: Vec::new(),
             spill_stack: Vec::new(),
             dispose_stack: Vec::new(),
+            dispose_marks: Vec::new(),
             native_overflow_base: 0,
             native_overflow_count: 0,
             try_stack: Vec::new(),
@@ -518,8 +520,9 @@ impl Vm {
         self.save_stack.clear();
         self.spill_stack.clear();
         // 释放栈条目持资源值（session 对象指针）：跨 run/reset 残留会在下一 run
-        // 被误释放或悬垂，随执行状态一并清空。
+        // 被误释放或悬垂，随执行状态一并清空；水位栈同清，防陈旧水位误截断。
         self.dispose_stack.clear();
+        self.dispose_marks.clear();
         self.native_overflow_base = 0;
         self.native_overflow_count = 0;
         // native pack 实参区上界与溢出描述符同构：仅一次 native 调用期间有效，