diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs
index 72d58c3c..f48b52b8 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/dispatch/call.rs
@@ -19,17 +19,23 @@ impl Vm {
     pub(crate) fn dispatch_native_call(
         &mut self, obj: &JsObject, callee: JsValue, this_reg: u8, first_arg_reg: u8, arg_count: usize,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if self.native_call_depth >= self.kernel.config.max_call_depth {
+            return Err("RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded".into());
+        }
         let (args_buf, len) = Self::build_native_args(first_arg_reg, arg_count, this_reg);
         let args_slice = &args_buf[..len];
 
         let func: NativeFn = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(obj.native_fn().unwrap()) };
         self.regs[254] = callee;
+        self.native_call_depth += 1;
         match func(self, args_slice) {
             Ok(val) => {
+                self.native_call_depth -= 1;
                 self.regs[0] = val;
                 Ok(())
             }
             Err(err_val) => {
+                self.native_call_depth -= 1;
                 let (error, kind) = if err_val.is_object() {
                     (err_val, self.thrown_error_kind(err_val))
                 } else {
diff --git a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs
index 627ac952..8a6e8ad1 100644
--- a/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs
+++ b/crates/oxide_vm/src/vm.rs
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ pub struct Vm {
     pub(crate) for_of_iters: Vec<*mut u8>,
     pub(crate) root_reg_limit: u8,
     pub(crate) active_reg_limit: u8,
+    pub(crate) native_call_depth: usize,
 }
 
 impl Vm {
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ impl Vm {
             for_of_iters: Vec::new(),
             root_reg_limit: 0,
             active_reg_limit: 0,
+            native_call_depth: 0,
         }
     }
 
@@ -171,6 +173,7 @@ impl Vm {
             for_of_iters: Vec::new(),
             root_reg_limit: 0,
             active_reg_limit: 0,
+            native_call_depth: 0,
         }
     }
 
@@ -227,6 +230,7 @@ impl Vm {
         self.exception_value = None;
         self.pending_exception = None;
         self.pending_error_kind = None;
+        self.native_call_depth = 0;
     }
 
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
@@ -482,6 +486,9 @@ impl Vm {
         }
 
         if let Some(native_fn) = callee_obj.native_fn() {
+            if self.native_call_depth >= self.kernel.config.max_call_depth {
+                return Err("RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded".into());
+            }
             let saved_regs = self.regs;
             let saved_this = self.regs[254];
             let saved_callee = self.regs[253];
@@ -496,7 +503,9 @@ impl Vm {
                 arg_regs[idx + 1] = 240 + idx as u8;
             }
             let func: NativeFn = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(native_fn) };
+            self.native_call_depth += 1;
             let result = func(self, &arg_regs[..args.len().min(16) + 1]);
+            self.native_call_depth -= 1;
             self.regs = saved_regs;
             self.regs[254] = saved_this;
             self.regs[253] = saved_callee;